{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:17:47Z","timestamp":1793942267146,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but understudied. Reliable and valid measures are needed to advance clinical care and expand research in this area. The objectives of this study were to examine the psychometric properties of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in individuals with MS and to analyze correlates of GAD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: Participants (N = 513) completed the anxiety module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (GAD-7). To evaluate psychometric properties of the GAD-7, the sample was randomly split to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: Based on the exploratory factor analysis, a one-factor structure was specified for the confirmatory factor analysis, which showed excellent global fit to the data (\u03c7212 = 15.17, P = .23, comparative fit index = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation = 0.03, standardized root mean square residual = 0.03). The Cronbach alpha (0.75) indicated acceptable internal consistency for the scale. Furthermore, the GAD-7 was highly correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale\u2013Anxiety (r = 0.70). Age and duration of MS were both negatively associated with GAD. Higher GAD-7 scores were observed in women and individuals with secondary progressive MS. Individuals with higher GAD-7 scores also endorsed more depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: These findings support the reliability and internal validity of the GAD-7 for use in MS. Correlational analyses revealed important relationships with demographics, disease course, and depressive symptoms, which suggest the need for further anxiety research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2014-008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T23:31:01Z","timestamp":1409787061000},"page":"49-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale as a Tool for Measuring Generalized Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.7224","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Terrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narineh","family":"Hartoonian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Beier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Alschuler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4242","reference":[{"key":"2020060300582046000_i1537-2073-17-2-49-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.042","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in a Portuguese MS population: associations with physical disability and severity of disease","volume":"306","author":"da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2020060300582046000_i1537-2073-17-2-49-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.00166.x","article-title":"Impact of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis on quality of life, anxiety, depression and distress of patients and partners","volume":"108","author":"Janssens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2020060300582046000_i1537-2073-17-2-49-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500504","article-title":"The effects of anxiety on psychiatric morbidity in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Feinstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"2020060300582046000_i1537-2073-17-2-49-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00001421","article-title":"The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys","volume":"18","author":"Kessler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc"},{"key":"2020060300582046000_i1537-2073-17-2-49-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020060300582046000_i1537-2073-17-2-49-b6","unstructured":"Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision). 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