{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:52:55Z","timestamp":1772265175997,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"group-title":"PeerJ Preprints","reference-count":0,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems, but we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota, living together in a stable relationship, form the holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences with comparisons to terrestrial sciences where appropriate. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances,\n                  <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                  the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. The most significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This will be crucial to decipher the roles of marine holobionts in biogeochemical cycles, but also developing concrete applications of the holobiont concept\n                  <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                  to increase yield or disease resistance in aquacultures or to protect and restore marine ecosystems through management projects.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7287\/peerj.preprints.27519v3","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T10:12:01Z","timestamp":1566555121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.7287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7987-7523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon M","family":"Dittami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR8227, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-1674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enrique","family":"Arboleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FR2424, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Auguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARBEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Arite","family":"Bigalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena, Jena, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8996-0072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enora","family":"Briand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Ifremer, Nantes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-6718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paco","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Ulisse","family":"Cardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Decelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-9606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aschwin H","family":"Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-7360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Damien","family":"Eveillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences Num\u00e9riques de Nantes (LS2N), Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France"}]},{"given":"Claire M.M.","family":"Gachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Association for Marine Science Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-049X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah M","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and the Environment, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Tilmann","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FR2424, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Kazamia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8979-8917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois H","family":"Lallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3762-3389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Marzinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6928-9496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Teresa","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Soizic","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (UMR 7245), National Museum of Natural History, CNRS, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mahasweta","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benthic Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"Marine Ecology and Biodiversity, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andr\u00e9","family":"Selosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement Syst\u00e9matique et Evolution, Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019Histoire naturelle, Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Skillings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7648-6404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Willem","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3065-0314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sunagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Toulza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Vorobev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genoscope, CEA \u2010 Institut de Biologie Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, Evry, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7149-0332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine","family":"Leblanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR8227, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Not","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Brittany, France"}]}],"member":"4443","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/preprints\/27519v3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/preprints\/27519v3.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/preprints\/27519v3.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/preprints\/27519v3.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T20:22:42Z","timestamp":1577132562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/preprints\/27519v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"references-count":0,"aliases":["10.7287\/peerj.preprints.27519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7287\/peerj.preprints.27519v3","relation":{"replaces":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.preprints.27519v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}