{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:07:26Z","timestamp":1793430446263,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"American College of Physicians","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/journal\/aim\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.7326\/annals-25-04194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:00:31Z","timestamp":1778533231000},"page":"1030-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Telemedicine Policy and Practice: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians"],"prefix":"10.7326","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejaih","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (D.J., S.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanelle","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American College of Physicians, Washington, DC (D.J., S.Q.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie F.","family":"Algase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York (L.F.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Clyde","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Village Medical, Atlanta, Georgia (C.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Medical Practice and Quality Committee of the American College of Physicians","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Austin-Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Hollon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Mohring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve P.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Smitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross B.","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Ghandakly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany K.","family":"Stovall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4285","reference":[{"key":"r1-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2022.04.002"},{"key":"r2-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services\n                      . Medicare Telemedicine Health Care Provider Fact Sheet. 17 March 2020. Accessed at https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/newsroom\/fact-sheets\/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet on 22 January 2025."},{"key":"r3-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Samson LW, Tarazi W, Turrini G, et al\n                      . Medicare Beneficiaries\u2019 Use of Telehealth in 2020: Trends by Beneficiary Characteristics and Location. Report no. HP-2021-27. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; December 2021. Accessed at https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/a1d5d810fe3433e18b192be42dbf2351\/medicare-telehealth-report.pdf on 22 January 2025."},{"key":"r4-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0498"},{"key":"r5-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63881"},{"key":"r6-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology\n                      . What is telehealth? How is telehealth different from telemedicine? Health IT and HIE Frequently Asked Questions. Accessed at https:\/\/www.healthit.gov\/faq\/what-telehealth-how-telehealth-different-telemedicine on 27 January 2025."},{"key":"r7-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic\n                      . Telehealth: Technology meets health care. 5 September 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/consumer-health\/in-depth\/telehealth\/art-20044878 on 27 January 2025."},{"key":"r8-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services\n                      . 1135 Waivers. Accessed at https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare\/health-safety-standards\/quality-safety-oversight-emergency-preparedness\/1135-waivers on 8 December 2025."},{"key":"r9-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission\n                      . FCC Adopts $200 Million COVID-19 Telehealth Program. 2 April 2020. Accessed at https:\/\/docs.fcc.gov\/public\/attachments\/DOC-363498A1.pdf on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r10-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2025.89700"},{"key":"r11-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Lee EC, Grigorescu V, Enogieru I, et al\n                      . Updated National Survey Trends in Telehealth Utilization and Modality (2021\u20132022): Issue Brief. Report no. HP-2023-09. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE); 19 April 2023."},{"key":"r12-ANNALS2504194","first-page":"1","author":"Myrick KL","year":"2024","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"r13-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavin L, Gibbs H, Ternes S, et al\n                      . The effect of telehealth on cost of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated systematic review. Rural Telehealth Research Center; November 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/ruraltelehealth.org\/briefs\/RTRC%20Brief_LSR3_Telehealth-Costs.pdf on 31 March 2026.","DOI":"10.17077\/rep.006741"},{"key":"r14-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Rhyan CN\n                      . Travel and Wait Times Are Longest for Health Care Services and Result in an Annual Opportunity Cost of $89 Billion. Altarum Center for Value in Health Care. Accessed at https:\/\/altarum.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Altarum_Travel-and-Wait-Times-for-Health-Care-Services_Feb-22.pdf on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r15-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Yehya NA\n                      . Telehealth cuts health care\u2019s carbon footprint and patient\u2019s costs during pandemic. UC Davis Health; 10 January 2023. Accessed at https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/news\/headlines\/telehealth-cuts-health-cares-carbon-footprint-and-patients-costs-during-pandemic\/2023\/01 on 15 January 2025."},{"key":"r16-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Akinlotan M, Primm K, Khodakarami N, et al\n                      . Rural-Urban Variations in Travel Burdens for Care: Findings from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. Southwest Rural Health Research Center; July 2021. Accessed at https:\/\/oaktrust.library.tamu.edu\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/bdb2f5a7-627b-4bb9-bc86-fb4890cfc9db\/content on 27 January 2025."},{"key":"r17-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102297"},{"key":"r18-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50211"},{"key":"r19-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Jaklevic MC\n                      . In the U.S., wait times to see a doctor can be agonizingly long. Association of Health Care Journalists; 7 August 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/healthjournalism.org\/blog\/2024\/08\/in-the-u-s-wait-times-to-see-a-doctor-can-be-agonizingly-long on 27 January 2025."},{"key":"r20-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X241241357"},{"key":"r21-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"AMN\/Merritt Hawkins\n                      . 2022 Survey of Physician Appointment Wait Times and Medicare and Medicaid Acceptance Rates. Accessed at https:\/\/www.amnhealthcare.com\/siteassets\/amn-insights\/physician\/survey-of-physician-appointment-wait-times-and-medicare-and-medicaid-acceptance-rates.pdf on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r22-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2021.0528"},{"key":"r23-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.45436"},{"key":"r24-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Citron A, Fix M, Corbett G, et al\n                      . Telehealth Outcomes and Impact on Care Delivery: A Review of Evidence. California Health Care Foundation; November 2023. Accessed at https:\/\/www.chcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/TelehealthOutcomesImpactDeliveryReviewEvidence.pdf on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r25-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21010090"},{"key":"r26-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooae059"},{"key":"r27-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxae001"},{"key":"r28-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-7639"},{"key":"r29-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Office of Inspector General\n                      . Special Fraud Alert: OIG Alerts Practitioners to Exercise Caution When Entering Into Arrangements With Purported Telemedicine Companies. 20 July 2022. Accessed at https:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/documents\/root\/1045\/sfa-telefraud.pdf on 14 April 2025."},{"key":"r30-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Cortes LM, Hussain M, Joffre GJ, et al\n                      . \u201cCan You Hear Me Now?\u201d: DOJ Expands Telehealth Enforcement Efforts. Arnold & Porter; 2 August 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/www.arnoldporter.com\/en\/perspectives\/advisories\/2024\/08\/doj-expands-telehealth-enforcement-efforts on 14 April 2025."},{"key":"r31-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37766"},{"key":"r32-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2967"},{"key":"r33-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Gunja MZ, Gumas ED, Williams RD\n                      . How Primary Care Physicians Experience Telehealth: An International Comparison. The Commonwealth Fund; 6 April 2023. Accessed at https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/publications\/issue-briefs\/2023\/apr\/primary-care-physicians-telehealth-2022-international-survey on 28 January 2025."},{"key":"r34-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2024.105541"},{"key":"r35-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2020.0492"},{"key":"r36-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09994-4"},{"key":"r37-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2021.S1.200517"},{"key":"r38-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabbarpour Y, Jetty A, Byun H, et al\n                      . The Health of US Primary Care: 2024 Scorecard Report \u2014 No One Can See You Now. Milbank Memorial Fund; 28 February 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/www.milbank.org\/publications\/the-health-of-us-primary-care-2024-scorecard-report-no-one-can-see-you-now on 28 January 2025.","DOI":"10.1599\/mmf.2025.0218"},{"key":"r39-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"National Center for Health Workforce Analysis\n                      . State of the Primary Care Workforce, 2024. November 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/bureau-health-workforce\/state-of-the-primary-care-workforce-report-2024.pdf on 29 January 2025."},{"key":"r40-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000698"},{"key":"r41-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmr.2024.0005"},{"key":"r42-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"California Telehealth Resource Center\n                      . 5 Ways Telehealth Can Improve Rural Health Workforce Retention. Accessed at https:\/\/caltrc.org\/blog\/5-ways-telehealth-can-improve-health-care-worker-retention on 29 January 2025."},{"key":"r43-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11366-5"},{"key":"r44-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2024.100942"},{"key":"r45-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13721-021-00300-y"},{"key":"r46-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-022-01843-x"},{"key":"r47-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41134-020-00147-9"},{"key":"r48-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Adetosoye F, Hinton D, Shenai G, et al\n                      . Virtual health for all: Closing the digital divide to expand access. McKinsey & Company; 16 March 2023. Accessed at https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/public-sector\/our-insights\/virtual-health-for-all-closing-the-digital-divide-to-expand-access on 24 November 2025."},{"key":"r49-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55996"},{"key":"r50-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2823"},{"key":"r51-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0113"},{"key":"r52-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.03.210509"},{"key":"r53-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0140"},{"key":"r54-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51279"},{"key":"r55-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731696"},{"key":"r56-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Bustamante AV, Silver J, Mart\u00ednez LE, et al\n                      . Equity Gaps in Telehealth Use to Manage Chronic Conditions During COVID-19. UCLA Latino Policy and Politics Institute; January 2023. Accessed at https:\/\/latino.ucla.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/equity_gaps_in_telehealth_01.24.2023.pdf on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r57-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n                      . CDC Data Shows Over 70 Million U.S. Adults Reported Having a Disability. 16 July 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2024\/s0716-Adult-disability.html on 5 February 2025."},{"key":"r58-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2021.6402"},{"key":"r59-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"World Wide Web Consortium\n                      . WCAG 2 Overview. Accessed at https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/standards-guidelines\/wcag on 5 November 2025."},{"key":"r60-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Rural Health Information Hub\n                      . Telehealth and Health Information Technology in Rural Healthcare. Accessed at https:\/\/www.ruralhealthinfo.org\/topics\/telehealth-health-it#hit-telehealth-relationship on 21 January 2025."},{"key":"r61-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Federal Communications Commission\n                      . 2024 Section 706 Report. Report no. FCC 24-27. 18 March 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/docs.fcc.gov\/public\/attachments\/FCC-24-27A1.pdf on 3 February 2025."},{"key":"r62-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"SBG San Antonio Staff Reports\n                      . $42 billion rural internet program fails to connect with rural Texans. Accessed at https:\/\/foxsanantonio.com\/news\/local\/42-billion-rural-internet-program-fails-to-connect-with-rural-texans-biden-administration-broadband-equity-trillion-medina-county-reliable on 3 February 2025."},{"key":"r63-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Jelinek R, Vohra-Khullar P\n                      . Teaching Telemedicine in Graduate and Undergraduate Medical Education. 18 January 2022. Accessed at https:\/\/www.acponline.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/practice-resources\/business-resources\/teleheath\/teaching-telemedicine-dr-jelinek-slides.pdf on 3 February 2025."},{"key":"r64-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12515"},{"key":"r65-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/43190"},{"key":"r66-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Association of American Medical Colleges\n                      . Curriculum Topics in Required and Elective Courses at Medical School Programs. Accessed at https:\/\/www.aamc.org\/media\/11166\/download on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r67-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-18-00754.1"},{"key":"r68-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Health Resources & Services Administration\n                      . What should I know before my telehealth visit? Accessed at https:\/\/telehealth.hhs.gov\/patients\/what-should-i-know-before-my-telehealth-visit on 3 February 2025."},{"key":"r69-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0372"},{"key":"r70-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmr.2023.0002"},{"key":"r71-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2023.0036"},{"key":"r72-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001631"},{"key":"r73-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106113"},{"key":"r74-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine\n                      . Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care. National Academies Pr; 2021. Accessed at https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/catalog\/25983\/implementing-high-quality-primary-care-rebuilding-the-foundation-of-health on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r75-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1600999"},{"key":"r76-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/55007"},{"key":"r77-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.123.010739"},{"key":"r78-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality\n                      . Defining the PCMH. Accessed at https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/ncepcr\/research\/care-coordination\/pcmh\/define.html on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r79-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922818793355"},{"key":"r80-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53771\/ijlsra.2024.6.1.0040"},{"key":"r81-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060875"},{"key":"r82-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41231-022-00125-5"},{"key":"r83-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12938"},{"key":"r84-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2024.100931"},{"key":"r85-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2024.0524"},{"key":"r86-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"O'Malley G, Shaikh U, Marcin JP\n                      . Telehealth and Patient Safety. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2022. Accessed at https:\/\/psnet.ahrq.gov\/primer\/telehealth-and-patient-safety on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r87-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Totten AM, McDonagh MS, Wagner JH\n                      . The Evidence Base for Telehealth: Reassurance in the Face of Rapid Expansion During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University under contract no. 290-2015-00009-I). AHRQ publication no. 20-EHC015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; May 2020. Accessed at https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/products\/telehealth-expansion\/white-paper on 26 August 2025.","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCCOVIDTELEHEALTH"},{"key":"r88-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07329-9"},{"key":"r89-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"National Committee for Quality Assurance\n                      . Taskforce on Telehealth Policy (TTP) Findings and Recommendations. Latest Evidence: September 2020. Accessed at https:\/\/www.ncqa.org\/programs\/data-and-information-technology\/telehealth\/taskforce-on-telehealth-policy\/taskforce-on-telehealth-policy-findings-and-recommendations on 26 August 2025."},{"key":"r90-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General\n                      . Fraud & Abuse Laws. Accessed at https:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/compliance\/physician-education\/fraud-abuse-laws on 5 November 2025."},{"key":"r91-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36914"},{"key":"r92-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2284"},{"key":"r93-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.0310"},{"key":"r94-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"American Medical Association\n                      . 50-state survey: Establishment of a patient\u2013physician relationship via telemedicine. Accessed at https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/system\/files\/2018-10\/ama-chart-telemedicine-patient-physician-relationship.pdf on 31 March 2026."},{"key":"r95-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration\n                      . DEA Announces Three New Telemedicine Rules that Continue to Open Access to Telehealth Treatment while Protecting Patients. 16 January 2025. Accessed at https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/press-releases\/2025\/01\/16\/dea-announces-three-new-telemedicine-rules-continue-open-access on 4 February 2025."},{"key":"r96-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Interstate Medical Licensure Compact\n                      . A Faster Pathway to Physician Licensure. Accessed at https:\/\/imlcc.com\/a-faster-pathway-to-physician-licensure on 26 August 2025."},{"key":"r97-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"National Council of State Boards of Nursing\n                      . About the NLC. Accessed at https:\/\/www.nursecompact.com\/about.page on 26 August 2025."},{"key":"r98-ANNALS2504194","first-page":"50","volume":"18","author":"Vanderpool D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"r99-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Public Health Institute\/Center for Connected Health Policy\n                      . Defining Telehealth for Professional Requirements. Accessed at https:\/\/www.cchpca.org\/topic\/definitions-professional-requirements on 26 August 2025."},{"key":"r100-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2260"},{"key":"r101-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.09.002"},{"key":"r102-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2121"},{"key":"r103-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1422"},{"key":"r104-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/36200"},{"key":"r105-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/34826"},{"key":"r106-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.AP.210435"},{"key":"r107-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"National Academy of Medicine\n                      . National Plan for Health Workforce Well-Being. National Academies Pr; 2024. Accessed at https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/26744 on 18 April 2025."},{"key":"r108-ANNALS2504194","unstructured":"Fera B, Doty B, Gerhardt W, et al\n                      . Improving care and creating efficiencies: Are physicians ready to embrace digital technologies now? Deloitte Insights. 3 September 2020. Accessed at https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/insights\/industry\/health-care\/digital-health-trends.html on 26 August 2025."},{"key":"r109-ANNALS2504194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab145"}],"container-title":["Annals of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04194","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04194","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T21:03:49Z","timestamp":1784581429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/annals-25-04194","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-3704","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}