{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:01:02Z","timestamp":1793113262268,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American College of Physicians","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/journal\/aim\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.7326\/annals-25-04273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T21:00:36Z","timestamp":1773694836000},"page":"586-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["New GRADE Evidence-to-Decision Framework for Pairwise and Multiple Comparisons (GRADE Guidance 45)"],"prefix":"10.7326","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0281-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Beltran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau); Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano; and Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6606-649X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itziar","family":"Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (I.E.-I., T.S.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Piggott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact and Michael G. DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, McMaster University, Hamilton, and Department of Family Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (T.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elie A.","family":"Akl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (E.A.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem A.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (R.A.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Hazlewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond; and McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.H.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0844-4365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Canelo-Aybar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau) and Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, Spain (C.C.-A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0550-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Santesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (N.S., R.B.-P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina","family":"Brignardello-Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (N.S., R.B.-P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Mathioudakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, and Northwest Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (A.G.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3546-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alonso","family":"Carrasco-Labra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative Global Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C.-L.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3601-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Nonino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Epidemiology and Statistics, Cochrane Italia, Bologna, Italy (F.N.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"de Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guide2Guidance, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.deB.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3210-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EBSCO Clinical Decisions, EBSCO, Ipswich, Massachusetts, and Open Door Clinic, Cone Health, Greensboro, North Carolina (M.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Shamliyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (I.E.-I., T.S.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6576-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojtek","family":"Wiercioch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael G. DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.W.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Dietl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Prime, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.D.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Guyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (G.G.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3211-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger J.","family":"Sch\u00fcnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center, Humanitas University and Humanitas IRCCS Research Hospital, Milan, Italy (H.J.S.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Alonso-Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona; CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; and Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, Spain (P.A.-C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4285","reference":[{"key":"r1-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2089"},{"key":"r2-ANNALS2504273","unstructured":"Chaimani A, Caldwell DM, Li T, et al.\n                      Undertaking network meta-analyses. Updated October 2019. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 6.5. Cochrane; 2019. Accessed at https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-11 on 14 March 2025."},{"key":"r3-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3445"},{"key":"r4-ANNALS2504273","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      WHO Guidelines on Tuberculosis Infection Prevention and Control: 2019 Update. World Health Organization; 2019. Accessed at https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/311259 on 21 July 2024."},{"key":"r5-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.10.016"},{"key":"r6-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02013"},{"key":"r7-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053246"},{"key":"r8-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027445"},{"key":"r9-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3379"},{"key":"r10-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41247"},{"key":"r11-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3602"},{"key":"r12-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003265"},{"key":"r13-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09662-4"},{"key":"r14-ANNALS2504273","unstructured":"WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Corticosteroids for Improving Preterm Birth Outcomes. World Health Organization; 2022. Accessed at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK585366 on 12 September 2025."},{"key":"r15-ANNALS2504273","unstructured":"WHO Recommendation on Tocolytic Therapy for Improving Preterm Birth Outcomes. World Health Organization; 2022. Accessed at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK585023 on 20 December 2024."},{"key":"r16-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2023.04.011"},{"key":"r17-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.221647"},{"key":"r18-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1034"},{"key":"r19-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-2056"},{"key":"r20-ANNALS2504273","unstructured":"WHO Recommendations: Uterotonics for the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage. World Health Organization; 2018. Accessed at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK535987 on 20 December 2024."},{"key":"r21-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-013109"},{"key":"r22-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2023-325445"},{"key":"r23-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241308134"},{"key":"r24-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2788"},{"key":"r25-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-01052"},{"key":"r26-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-03095"},{"key":"r27-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.05.010"},{"key":"r28-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00505-7"},{"key":"r29-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01338-8"},{"key":"r30-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0621-0"},{"key":"r31-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.04.016"},{"key":"r32-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.11.031"},{"key":"r33-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5630"},{"key":"r34-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.04.018"},{"key":"r35-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3907"},{"key":"r36-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006"},{"key":"r37-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013"},{"key":"r38-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.05.011"},{"key":"r39-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02149"},{"key":"r40-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.04.012"},{"key":"r41-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2023.04.004"},{"key":"r42-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7052.275"},{"key":"r43-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.04.011"},{"key":"r44-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00489.x"},{"key":"r45-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646232200321X"},{"key":"r46-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.08.001"},{"key":"r47-ANNALS2504273","unstructured":"Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, et al.\n                      Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. 4th ed. Oxford Univ Pr; 2015."},{"key":"r48-ANNALS2504273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.08.001"}],"container-title":["Annals of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04273","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04273","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T21:03:37Z","timestamp":1776719017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7326\/ANNALS-25-04273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/annals-25-04273","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-3704","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}