{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:52:20Z","timestamp":1790279540697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Worldwide, people who use drugs (PWUD) are among the populations at highest risk for HIV infection. In China, PWUD are primarily sentenced to compulsory detainment centres, in which access to healthcare, including HIV treatment and prevention services, is limited or non\u2010existent. In 2008, China's 2008 Anti\u2010Drug Law encouraged the development and use of community\u2010based drug dependence rehabilitation, yet there is limited evidence evaluating the efficacy and challenges of this model in China. In this study, we explore these challenges and describe how cooperation between law enforcement and health departments can meet the needs of PWUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2015, we conducted semi\u2010structured, in\u2010depth interviews with all four staff members and 16 clients of the Ping An Centre No. 1 for community\u2010based drug treatment, three local police officers and three officials from the local Centre for Disease Control. Interviews explored obstacles in implementing community\u2010based drug dependence treatment and efforts to resolve these difficulties. Transcripts were coded and analyzed with qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA 11).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified three challenges to community\u2010based drug treatment at the Ping An Centre No. 1: (1) suboptimal coordination among parties involved, (2) a divergence in attitudes towards PWUD and harm reduction between law enforcement and health officials and (3) conflicting performance targets for police and health officials that undermine the shared goal of treatment. We also identified the take\u2010home methadone maintenance treatment model at the Ping An Centre No. 1 as an example of an early successful collaboration between the police, the health department and PWUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To overcome barriers to effective community\u2010based drug treatment, we recommend aligning the goals of law enforcement and public health agencies towards health\u2010based performance indicators. Furthermore, tensions between PWUD and police need to be addressed and trust between them fostered, using community\u2010based treatment centres as mediators. The preliminary success of the take\u2010home methadone maintenance treatment pilot can serve as an example of how collaboration with the police and other government agencies can meet the needs of PWUD and contribute to the success of community\u2010based treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.19.4.20879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T11:22:24Z","timestamp":1468840944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Barriers to community\u2010based drug dependence treatment: implications for police roles, collaborations and performance indicators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitau","family":"Mburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bangyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Golichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoxiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"China AIDS Response Progress Report.","author":"Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangL GuoW LiD DingZ McGooganJM WangN et al.HIV epidemic among drug users in China: 1995\u20132011.Addiction.2015;110 Suppl 1:20\u20138. doi:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12779","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"The gap report.","author":"UNAIDS.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"World Drug Report.","author":"UNODC.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2013.25.4.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60232-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2006.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"YangS WangL.[The interference of state's power and the change of concepts of community: introspect to the construction of city\u2010community in China].Academics.2010;145:167\u201373. Chinese."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdu040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-016-0097-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"The new drug detoxification system in China: a misused tool for drug rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Li E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Asia Law Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Social research methods.","author":"Bryman A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"Interpreting qualitative data: methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction.","author":"Silverman D.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"7227","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Qualitative research in health care","volume":"320","author":"Pope C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Analysing qualitative data. BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"15","author":"World Medical Association.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Int Bioethique."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"YanZ CaiT ZhangB ChenS.Effects of take\u2010home methadone service on treatment compliance and heroin use reduction for methadone maintenance treatment clients.24th International Harm Reduction Conference;2015Oct 18\u201321;Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Bureaucracy, politics, and decision making in Post\u2010Mao China.","author":"Lieberthal K","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-015-0071-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Community\u2010based drug treatment models for people who use drugs: six experiences on creating alternatives to compulsory detention centers in Asia.","author":"Tanguay P","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KhuatTH NguyenVA JardineM MooreT BuiTH CroftsN.Harm reduction and \u201cclean\u201d community: can Viet Nam have both?Harm Reduct J.2012;9:25. doi:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/1477\u20107517\u20109\u201025","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-9-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azr050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"China's Annual Report on Drugs 2015.","author":"National Narcotics Control Commission Office","year":"2015"},{"issue":"130","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV and HCV prevalence among entrants to methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhuang X","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60832-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Qualitative methods in social research.","author":"Esterberg K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03207.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.7448%2FIAS.19.4.20879","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.7448\/IAS.19.4.20879","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T09:56:06Z","timestamp":1695549366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.7448\/IAS.19.4.20879"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7448\/IAS.19.4.20879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7448\/ias.19.4.20879","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2652","1758-2652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2652","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20879"}}