{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:51:12Z","timestamp":1789541472697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANRS12206\u2010B89"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRS12206\u2010B89"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: Lopinavir\/ritonavir\u2010based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all HIV\u2010infected children less than three years. However, little is known about its field implementation and effectiveness in West Africa. We assessed the 12\u2010month response to lopinavir\/ritonavir\u2010based antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of West African children treated before the age of two years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: HIV\u20101\u2010infected, ART\u2010naive except for a prevention of mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission (PMTCT), tuberculosis\u2010free, and less than two years of age children with parent's consent were enrolled in a 12\u2010month prospective therapeutic cohort with lopinavir\/ritonavir ART and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Ouagadougou and Abidjan. Virological suppression (VS) at 12 months (viral load [VL] &lt;500 copies\/mL) and its correlates were assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Result<\/jats:bold><jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold>: Between May 2011 and January 2013, 156 children initiated ART at a median age of 13.9\u00a0months (interquartile range: 7.8\u201318.4); 63% were from Abidjan; 53% were girls; 37% were not exposed to any PMTCT intervention or maternal ART; mother was the main caregiver in 81%; 61% were classified World Health Organization Stage 3 to 4. After 12\u00a0months on ART, 11 children had died (7%), 5 were lost\u2010to\u2010follow\u2010up\/withdrew (3%), and VS was achieved in 109: 70% of children enrolled and 78% of those followed\u2010up. When adjusting for country and gender, the access to tap water at home versus none (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09\u20136.94), the mother as the main caregiver versus the father (aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.03\u20137.71), and the increase of CD4 percentage greater than 10% between inclusion and 6 months versus &lt;10% (aOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.05\u20136.18) were significantly associated with a higher rate of VS. At 12 months, 28 out of 29 children with VL \u22651000 copies\/mL had a resistance genotype test: 21 (75%) had \u22651 antiretroviral (ARV) resistance (61% to lamivudine, 29% to efavirenz, and 4% to zidovudine and lopinavir\/ritonavir), of which 11 (52%) existed before ART initiation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Twelve\u2010month VS rate on lopinavir\/ritonavir\u2010based ART was high, comparable to those in Africa or high\u2010income countries. The father as the main child caregiver and lack of access to tap water are risk factors for viral failure and justify a special caution to improve adherence in these easy\u2010to\u2010identify situations before ART initiation. Public health challenges remain to optimize outcomes in children with earlier ART initiation in West Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.20.01.21362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T15:40:28Z","timestamp":1493221228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Virological response and resistances over 12 months among HIV\u2010infected children less than two years receiving first\u2010line lopinavir\/ritonavir\u2010based antiretroviral therapy in Cote d\u2019Ivoire and Burkina Faso: the MONOD ANRS 12206 cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Clarisse","family":"Amani\u2010Bosse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Lucien","family":"Dahourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Malateste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Amorissani\u2010Folquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Dattez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlette","family":"Emieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rouzioux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"N'gbeche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Yonaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Timit\u00e9\u2010Konan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Mea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Blanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Meda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Seguin\u2010Devaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9riane","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the MONOD ANRS 12206 Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Global report UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic.","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17140-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Report of the WHO Technical Reference Group, Paediatric HIV\/ART Care Guideline Group Meeting. 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