{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:10:59Z","timestamp":1785391859315,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI114310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI114310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1D43TW009532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1D43TW009532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011072","name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P30AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30AI050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI027763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00MH093201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00MH093201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Many men who have sex with men (MSM) in China are \u201cin the closet.\u201d The low rate of disclosure may impact sexual behaviours, testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and diseases transmission. This study examines factors associated with overall sexual orientation disclosure and disclosure to healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: A nationwide cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted from September 2014 to October 2014 in China. Participants completed questions covering socio\u2010demographic information, sexual behaviours, HIV\/STI testing history, and self\u2010reported HIV status. We defined healthcare professional disclosure as disclosing to a doctor or other medical provider.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: A total of 1819 men started the survey and 1424 (78.3%) completed it. Among the 1424 participants, 62.2% (886\/1424) reported overall disclosure, and 16.3% (232\/1424) disclosed to healthcare professionals. In multivariate analyses, the odds of sexual orientation disclosure were 56% higher among MSM who used smartphone\u2010based, sex\u2010seeking applications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u00a0=\u00a01.56, 95% CI: 1.25\u20132.95], but were lower among MSM reporting sex while drunk or recreational drug use. The odds of disclosure to a healthcare professional were greater among MSM who had ever tested for HIV or STIs (aOR\u00a0=\u00a03.36, 95% CI: 2.50\u20134.51 for HIV, and aOR\u00a0=\u00a04.92, 95% CI: 3.47\u20136.96 for STIs, respectively) or self\u2010reported as living with HIV (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.59, 95% CI: 0.93\u20132.72).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: Over 80% of MSM had not disclosed their sexual orientation to health professionals. This low level of disclosure likely represents a major obstacle to serving the unique needs of MSM in clinical settings. Further research and interventions to facilitate MSM sexual orientation disclosure, especially to health professionals, are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.20.1.21416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T18:46:07Z","timestamp":1489603567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Disclosure of sexual orientation to health professionals in China: results from an online cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuncheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Mollan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hudgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongyi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Group SESH Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1135-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9916-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2007.19.3.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2011.605738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J041v04n04_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181ebd50f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182826881"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"HIV\/STD Risks in young men who have sex with men who do not disclose their sexual orientation\u2014six US cities, 1994\u20102000","volume":"52","author":"MMWR","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2012.648878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-012-0105-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MasonK KetendeS PeitzmeierS CeesayN LogieC DioufD et al.Stigma human rights violations health care access and disclosure among men who have sex with men in the Gambia.J Hum Rights Pract.2015;7:139\u201352.huu026","DOI":"10.1093\/jhuman\/huu026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9305-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TangW BestJ ZhangY LiuF TsoLS HuangS et al.Gay mobile apps and the evolving virtual risk environment: a cross\u2010sectional online survey among men who have sex with men in China.Sex Transm Infect.2016;92:508\u201314.sextrans\u20102015\u2010052469","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70245-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1195481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.156406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TangW HanL BestJ ZhangY MollanK KimJ et al.Crowdsourcing HIV test promotion videos: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial in China.Clin Infect Dis.2016;62:1436\u20131442.ciw171","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9833-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2013.793367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2014.992452"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Don't ask, sometimes tell","volume":"26","author":"Metcalfe R","year":"2015","journal-title":"A survey of men who have sex with men sexual orientation disclosure in general practice. Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019027250506800305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0994-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-012-9127-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.13.1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0225-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000278"}],"container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.7448%2FIAS.20.1.21416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T13:30:40Z","timestamp":1695562240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7448\/ias.20.1.21416","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-2652","1758-2652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-2652","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-2652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-02-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"21416"}}