{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:47:52Z","timestamp":1791920872791,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]],"date-time":"2017-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":176,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine","award":["105828\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105828\/Z\/14\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine","award":["105828\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105828\/Z\/14\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the International AIDS Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: In the era of ambitious HIV targets, novel HIV testing models are required for hard\u2010to\u2010reach groups such as men, who remain underserved by existing services. Pregnancy presents a unique opportunity for partners to test for HIV, as many pregnant women will attend antenatal care (ANC). We describe the views of pregnant women and their male partners on HIV self\u2010test kits that are woman\u2010delivered, alone or with an additional intervention.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: A formative qualitative study to inform the design of a multi\u2010arm multi\u2010stage cluster\u2010randomized trial, comprised of six focus group discussions and 20 in\u2010depth interviews, was conducted. ANC attendees were purposively sampled on the day of initial clinic visit, while men were recruited after obtaining their contact information from their female partners. Data were analysed using content analysis, and our interpretation is hypothetical as participants were not offered self\u2010test kits.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Providing HIV self\u2010test kits to pregnant women to deliver to their male partners was highly acceptable to both women and men. Men preferred this approach compared with standard facility\u2010based testing, as self\u2010testing fits into their lifestyles which were characterized by extreme day\u2010to\u2010day economic pressures, including the need to raise money for food for their household daily. Men and women emphasized the need for careful communication before and after collection of the self\u2010test kits in order to minimize the potential for intimate partner violence although physical violence was perceived as less likely to occur. Most men stated a preference to first self\u2010test alone, followed by testing as a couple. Regarding interventions for optimizing linkage following self\u2010testing, both men and women felt that a fixed financial incentive of approximately USD$2 would increase linkage. However, there were concerns that financial incentives of greater value may lead to multiple pregnancies and lack of child spacing. In this low\u2010income setting, a lottery incentive was considered overly disappointing for those who receive nothing. Phone call reminders were preferred to short messaging service.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Woman\u2010delivered HIV self\u2010testing through ANC was acceptable to pregnant women and their male partners. Feedback on additional linkage enablers will be used to alter pre\u2010planned trial arms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.20.1.21610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T10:59:42Z","timestamp":1498215582000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Acceptability of woman\u2010delivered HIV self\u2010testing to the male partner, and additional interventions: a qualitative study of antenatal care participants in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Augustine Talumba","family":"Choko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses Kelly","family":"Kumwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl Case","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen Wongera","family":"Sakala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chifuniro","family":"Chikalipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Chikovore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Desmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Lucy","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Prevention GAP Report.","author":"United Nations & AIDS","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328359b89b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Demographic patterns of HIV testing uptake in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. 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