{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:22:45Z","timestamp":1783506165940,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic toe-walking (ITW) is a condition commonly seen by podiatric physicians. Because a toe-walking gait style is also caused by or associated with many other medical conditions, podiatric physicians should pay particular attention to ensuring an accurate diagnosis. There are many reported treatment options available for ITW. Therefore, a literature review was conducted to determine what treatment options are supported by the evidence as having the best long-term effect on ITW gait.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After extraction of relevant articles, 21 manuscripts reporting treatment options for ITW gait were appraised against the levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From these articles, there was no single treatment option reported as having a long-term effect on the gait of children with ITW. There was support in the literature for surgical interventions, serial casting, and the use of botulinum toxin type A. There was limited evidence that footwear or orthoses changed the gait pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review updates the knowledge of podiatric physicians, enhances how children who present with this gait style can be managed, and highlights areas for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/0003-0538-104.3.253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T17:39:13Z","timestamp":1401989953000},"page":"253-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Idiopathic Toe-Walking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Cylie M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Tinley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Rawicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199711000-00011","article-title":"The effect of limb-length discrepancy on gait","volume":"79","author":"Song","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0b013e3181f9d5b8","article-title":"Effects of motor control intervention for children with idiopathic toe walking: a 5-case series","volume":"22","author":"Clark","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Phys 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