{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:09:50Z","timestamp":1790662190905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Images of each foot and distal leg bone (\u201cfront\u201d and \u201cback\u201d perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (\u201cnormal\u201d) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals, and the phalanges (the focus of this article).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/0003-0538-105.2.141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T11:27:21Z","timestamp":1427455641000},"page":"141-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle\u2014Part 5"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Christman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd St, Pomona, CA 91766. (E-mail: rchristman@westernu.edu)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-105-2-141-b01","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"402","article-title":"Radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle: part 1. The distal leg","volume":"104","author":"Christman\n              RA:","year":"2014","unstructured":"Christman\n              RA:\n            \n          \n          Radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle: part 1. The distal leg. JAPMA104: 402, 2014."},{"key":"i8750-7315-105-2-141-b02","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557060-00009","article-title":"The fascia of the distal phalanx","volume":"57","author":"Shrewsbury\n              M,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Shrewsbury\n              M, \n            \n              Johnson\n              RK:\n            \n          \n          The fascia of the distal phalanx. J Bone Joint Surg Am57: 784, 1975.10.2106\/00004623-197557060-000091158915"},{"key":"i8750-7315-105-2-141-b03","series-title":"The Radiology of Joint Disease","author":"Forrester\n              DM,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Forrester\n              DM, \n            \n              Brown\n              JC\n            \n          : The Radiology of Joint Disease, 3rd Ed, WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, 1987."},{"key":"i8750-7315-105-2-141-b04","series-title":"An Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants that May Simulate Disease, 3rd Ed","year":"1984","unstructured":"Keats TE: An Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants that May Simulate Disease, 3rd Ed, Yearbook Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1984."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/105\/2\/0003-0538-105.2.141.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/105\/2\/141\/1605492\/0003-0538-105_2_141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/105\/2\/0003-0538-105.2.141.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/105\/2\/0003-0538-105.2.141.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:12:57Z","timestamp":1783505577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/105\/2\/141"}},"subtitle":["The Phalanges"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/0003-0538-105.2.141","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315","1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}}}