{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:17:30Z","timestamp":1783430250271,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 2002, we reinvestigated a large synpolydactyly kindred first described in 1995. It was found to have expanded with an increase in number of homozygous offspring. These homozygotes had severe hypoplasia, with synpolydactyly of their hands and feet. We present the clinical, genetic, and surgical findings of this deformity and the histologic findings of the removed bones of the heterozygous and homozygous members. There were 125 affected individuals (113 heterozygotes and 12 homozygotes) of 245 members of the past five generations. We identified seven marriages in which both spouses were affected. Twelve offspring from these marriages had homozygote genetic patterns, hypoplastic synpolydactyly of the hands, and a distinctive foot deformity, with a prominent great toe and syndactylized hypoplastic minor toes. From clinical and surgical perspectives, their hand and foot deformities were different from those of their parents. We surgically treated both feet of four individuals with this deformity, which we called \u201chomozygote foot synpolydactyly.\u201d Clinically, the deformity consisted of a supinated prominent great toe, hypoplastic and severely synpolydactylized minor toes, and secondary problems. Radiographically, the bones were underdeveloped, unshaped, and largely fused. Abundant cartilage covering the bones was observed surgically and histologically. Genetically, analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>HOXD<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>13<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    identified a 27\u2013base pair duplication with a homozygote pattern. The foot deformity of the homozygotes was so distinctive and complicated that it should be considered a separate foot synpolydactyly type\u2014homozygote foot synpolydactyly. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(4): 297\u2013304, 2006)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/0960297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T10:22:35Z","timestamp":1396347755000},"page":"297-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synpolydactyly of the Foot in Homozygotes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Ilhami","family":"Kuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Maralcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aylin","family":"Yucel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Aktepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seval","family":"Turkmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Solak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Orthop Clin North Am","first-page":"361","volume":"7","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ruby L, Goldberg MJ: Syndactyly and polydactyly. .Orthop Clin North Am7::361. ,1976. .177923"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"492","volume":"78","year":"1996","unstructured":"Agarwal RP, Jain D, Ramesh Babu CS, et al: A hereditable combination of congenital anomalies. .J Bone Joint Surg Br78::492. ,1996. .8636194"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","first-page":"231","volume":"109","year":"1990","unstructured":"Andersen HJ, Hansen AK: Tibial hypo-\/aplasia with preaxial syn- and polydactyly. .Arch Orthop Trauma Surg109::231. ,1990. .2166549"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"856","volume":"89","year":"1992","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Fujita S, Oka I: Polydactyly of the foot: an analysis of 265 cases and morphological classification. .Plast Reconstr Surg89::856. ,1992. .1561258"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"220","volume":"186","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kapetanos GA: Mixed polydactyly. .Clin Orthop Relat Res186::220. ,1984. ."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Med Genet","first-page":"435","volume":"32","year":"1995","unstructured":"Akarsu AN, Akhan O, Sayli BS, et al: A large Turkish kindred with syndactyly type II (synpolydactyly): 2. 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