{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:22:22Z","timestamp":1783506142758,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemimelia of the lower limb belongs to the group of congenital deficiency disorders. The clinical spectrum ranges from minimal shortening of the long bones to severe deficiencies of the extremities. Several etiologies, such as X-rays or drugs, have been implicated to be responsible for hemimelia. In the present report the clinical course and the long-term follow-up of a patient with transverse terminal hemimelia of the left foot at the level of the basis of the metatarsals is described. Due to frequent episodes of pain, development of pressure sores, and an increasing psychological burden, operative intervention consisting of a lengthening procedure using an Ilizarov fixator was indicated. Long-term outcome was good; the patient is now able to painlessly wear conventional shoes and displays a normal gait pattern. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(5): 456\u2013461, 2011)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/1010456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T09:48:24Z","timestamp":1396345704000},"page":"456-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lengthening of the Midfoot in a Case of Lower-extremity Hemimelia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst B.","family":"Zwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Svehlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang E.","family":"Linhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref241","author":"Frantz","journal-title":"The upsurge in phocomelic congenital anomalies"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196143080-00012","article-title":"Congenital skeletal limb deficiencies.","volume":"43","author":"Frantz","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"1782","article-title":"\u201cTransverse Deficiencies,\u201d.","volume":"3","author":"Herring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tachdjian\u2019s Pediatric Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B6.0801040","article-title":"The treatment of congenital brachymetatarsia by one-stage lengthening.","volume":"80","author":"Baek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600405","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis for congenitally short lesser metatarsals.","volume":"16","author":"Levine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.12.002","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the subjective component of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical rating scales.","volume":"46","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"295","article-title":"Cultural adaptation, practicability and reliability evaluation of the Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Questionnaire.","volume":"138","author":"Konig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"key":"ref251","author":"Frantz","journal-title":"The increase in the incidence of malformed babies in the German federal Republic during the years 1959\u20131962"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199001000-00011","article-title":"Problems, obstacles, and complications of limb lengthening by the Ilizarov technique.","volume":"250","author":"Paley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.11.3.221","article-title":"Congenital limb anomalies: frequency and aetiological factors. Data from the Edinburgh Register of the Newborn (1964\u201368).","volume":"11","author":"Rogala","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-008-1250-4","article-title":"Malformations of the lower extremities.","volume":"37","author":"Hefti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199005000-00015","article-title":"Operative lengthening of the lower extremity and associated psychological aspects: the Children\u2019s Hospital experience.","volume":"10","author":"Hrutkay","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.11.3.221","article-title":"Congenital limb anomalies: frequency and aetiological factors. Data from the Edinburgh Register of the Newborn (1964\u201368).","volume":"11","author":"Rogala","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref21","author":"Frantz","journal-title":"The increase in the incidence of malformed babies in the German federal Republic during the years 1959\u20131962"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"302","article-title":"Validity and sensitivity to change of the Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Questionnaire in primary gonarthrosis and total endoprosthetic joint replacement.","volume":"138","author":"Konig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199603000-00005","article-title":"Femoral lengthening using the callotasis method: study of the complications in a series of 70 cases in children and adolescents.","volume":"16","author":"Glorion","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80080-3","article-title":"Thumb reconstruction through metacarpal bone lengthening.","volume":"5","author":"Matev","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199909000-00021","article-title":"Metatarsal lengthening in congenital brachymetatarsia: one-stage lengthening versus lengthening by callotasis.","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-968X(79)80054-6","article-title":"Thumb reconstruction after amputation at the interphalangeal joint by gradual lengthening of the proximal phalanx. A case report.","volume":"11","author":"Matev","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-968X(79)80054-6","article-title":"Thumb reconstruction after amputation at the interphalangeal joint by gradual lengthening of the proximal phalanx. A case report.","volume":"11","author":"Matev","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180230","article-title":"Complications of bone lengthening.","volume":"18","author":"Aquerreta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199601000-00004","article-title":"Results of the Wagner and Ilizarov methods of limb-lengthening.","volume":"78","author":"Aaron","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199005000-00015","article-title":"Operative lengthening of the lower extremity and associated psychological aspects: the Children\u2019s Hospital experience.","volume":"10","author":"Hrutkay","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref11","author":"Frantz","journal-title":"The upsurge in phocomelic congenital anomalies"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701","article-title":"Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes.","volume":"15","author":"Kitaoka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199603000-00005","article-title":"Femoral lengthening using the callotasis method: study of the complications in a series of 70 cases in children and adolescents.","volume":"16","author":"Glorion","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B4.7615606","article-title":"Metatarsal lengthening by callotasis during the growth phase.","volume":"77","author":"Magnan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B6.0801040","article-title":"The treatment of congenital brachymetatarsia by one-stage lengthening.","volume":"80","author":"Baek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"100","article-title":"Surgical lengthening of the shortened lower extremities.","volume":"108","author":"Ilizarov","year":"1972","journal-title":"Vestn Khir Im I I Grek"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B4.7615606","article-title":"Metatarsal lengthening by callotasis during the growth phase.","volume":"77","author":"Magnan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199601000-00004","article-title":"Results of the Wagner and Ilizarov methods of limb-lengthening.","volume":"78","author":"Aaron","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199001000-00011","article-title":"Problems, obstacles, and complications of limb lengthening by the Ilizarov technique.","volume":"250","author":"Paley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80080-3","article-title":"Thumb reconstruction through metacarpal bone lengthening.","volume":"5","author":"Matev","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701","article-title":"Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes.","volume":"15","author":"Kitaoka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199909000-00021","article-title":"Metatarsal lengthening in congenital brachymetatarsia: one-stage lengthening versus lengthening by callotasis.","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"302","article-title":"Validity and sensitivity to change of the Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Questionnaire in primary gonarthrosis and total endoprosthetic joint replacement.","volume":"138","author":"Konig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600405","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis for congenitally short lesser metatarsals.","volume":"16","author":"Levine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-008-1250-4","article-title":"Malformations of the lower extremities.","volume":"37","author":"Hefti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.12.002","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the subjective component of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical rating scales.","volume":"46","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1782","article-title":"\u201cTransverse Deficiencies,\u201d.","volume":"3","author":"Herring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tachdjian\u2019s Pediatric Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180230","article-title":"Complications of bone lengthening.","volume":"18","author":"Aquerreta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196143080-00012","article-title":"Congenital skeletal limb deficiencies.","volume":"43","author":"Frantz","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"295","article-title":"Cultural adaptation, practicability and reliability evaluation of the Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment Questionnaire.","volume":"138","author":"Konig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199210000-00016","article-title":"Ilizarov technique. Results and difficulties.","volume":"283","author":"Garcia-Cimbrelo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"100","article-title":"Surgical lengthening of the shortened lower extremities.","volume":"108","author":"Ilizarov","year":"1972","journal-title":"Vestn Khir Im I I Grek"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199210000-00016","article-title":"Ilizarov technique. Results and difficulties.","volume":"283","author":"Garcia-Cimbrelo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/101\/5\/456\/1402703\/1010456.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/101\/5\/456\/1402703\/1010456.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:12:08Z","timestamp":1783505528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/101\/5\/456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/1010456","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315","1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]}}}