{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:13:52Z","timestamp":1783509232081,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma (LLKS) is a rare histologic variant of KS. Kaposi's sarcoma is also known as human herpesvirus type 8. The clinical presentation of the LLKS lesion is highly unusual and similar to that of classic KS but with multinodular vascular tumors and lymphedema. We present a 63-year-old native Haitian man with multiple slowly progressive exophytic ulcerated lesions covering more than 60% of his left lower extremity with no systemic involvement. Much confusion surrounded the clinical presentation of these wounds, and we postulated several differential diagnoses. Herein we describe the evaluation, clinical appearance, and progression of LLKS. Due to the rarity of LLKS, treating physicians need to be aware of the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria of this variant. Despite being incurable, early diagnosis of LLKS can lead to long-term treatment options and a major reduction in symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/15-079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,27]],"date-time":"2017-10-27T13:19:23Z","timestamp":1509110363000},"page":"461-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Negative\u2013Associated Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's Sarcoma with Variable Clinical Presentations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kotzias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modupe","family":"Agunbiade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Khaladj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.105564","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma: etiology and literature review","volume":"43","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.07.020","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma [in Spanish]","volume":"103","author":"Agust\u00ed-Mejias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"ref61","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"\u201cSkin Biopsy Techniques,\u201d"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01601.x","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma: report of four cases and review","volume":"20","author":"Mohanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.07.020","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma [in Spanish]","volume":"103","author":"Agust\u00ed-Mejias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02284.x","article-title":"Lymphoedematous variants of Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"22","author":"Pantanowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb06207.x","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma: a report of three cases","volume":"100","author":"Gange","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"839618","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as gangrene","volume":"2013","author":"Friedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-3-31","article-title":"Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"3","author":"Grayson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-3-31","article-title":"Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"3","author":"Grayson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb06207.x","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma: a report of three cases","volume":"100","author":"Gange","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref201","author":"Robbins","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pathologic Basis of Disease"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-5-744","article-title":"The natural history of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Safai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01601.x","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma: report of four cases and review","volume":"20","author":"Mohanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"839618","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as gangrene","volume":"2013","author":"Friedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00323.x","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"32","author":"Ramirez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02284.x","article-title":"Lymphoedematous variants of Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"22","author":"Pantanowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.105564","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi's sarcoma: etiology and literature review","volume":"43","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00323.x","article-title":"Lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"32","author":"Ramirez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-5-744","article-title":"The natural history of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Safai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref91","author":"Robbins","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pathologic Basis of Disease"},{"key":"ref171","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"\u201cSkin Biopsy Techniques,\u201d"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/107\/5\/461\/1407069\/15-079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/107\/5\/461\/1407069\/15-079.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:17:14Z","timestamp":1783505834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/107\/5\/461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/15-079","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315","1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}}}