{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:13:23Z","timestamp":1783509203251,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical onychomycosis therapies are usually inadequate, and patient compliance to systemic therapies is poor. Recently, interest in laser therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis has increased. We sought to investigate the efficacy of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy for onychomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients with mycologically confirmed onychomycosis received long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser therapy, moving the beam in a spiral pattern over the whole nail plate two times, with a 1-minute pause between passes. Laser therapy was performed with a spot diameter of 4 mm at a speed of 25 mm\/sec once weekly for 4 weeks using fluencies ranging from 40 to 60 J\/cm2, depending on the thickness of the nail plate. Patients were evaluated in terms of clinical improvement and mycologic cure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients started and 15 completed the study. Mycologic cure was achieved in nine patients (60%), of whom eight (89%) were infected with Trichophyton sp. Complete clinical improvement was achieved in seven patients (47%), all of whom were infected with Trichophyton sp. Mycologic cure was not achieved in one of two patients infected with Epidermophyton or in either patient in whom the agent was Candida or Aspergillus; complete clinical improvement did not occur in any of these patients. No serious adverse events were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on these results, long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser can be used as an effective treatment for onychomycosis, but further studies are needed to draw firmer conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/15-137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T10:26:16Z","timestamp":1488968776000},"page":"54-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Effect of Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Okan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kemerburgaz University, Kemerburgaz Tip Fak\u00fcltesi Mahmutbey Dilmenler Caddesi, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagehan","family":"Tarikci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Simav State Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonca","family":"Gokdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir Tip Fak\u00fcltesi Be\u015fikta\u015f Kamp\u00fcs\u00fc, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref21","first-page":"762","article-title":"Onychomycosis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"88","author":"Westerberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00109.x","article-title":"Toenail onychomycosis: current and future treatment options","volume":"20","author":"Finch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-7-34","article-title":"The effectiveness of lasers in the treatment of onychomycosis: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Bristow","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00672.x","article-title":"Direct antifungal effect of femtosecond laser on Trichophyton rubrum onychomycosis","volume":"86","author":"Manevitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"S07","article-title":"ClearSteps: laser onychomycosis treatment: assessment of efficacy 12 months after treatment and beyond (summary)","volume":"1","author":"Kozarev","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Laser Health Acad"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.993380","article-title":"New pharmacotherapy for the treatment of onychomycosis: an update","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"60","article-title":"Onychomycosis: current and future therapies","volume":"93","author":"Lipner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"\u201cLaser Treatment for Toenail Fungus,\u201d","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics V,"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.12.019","article-title":"Onychomycosis: diagnosis and definition of cure","volume":"56","author":"Scher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.54.333","article-title":"Treatment of onychomycosis using a 1064nm Nd:YAG laser","volume":"54","author":"Noguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol J"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2011.552616","article-title":"Laser treatment of onychomycosis using a novel 0.65-millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser","volume":"13","author":"Hochman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000189","article-title":"A 1,320-nm Nd: YAG laser for improving the appearance of onychomycosis","volume":"40","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2014.998607","article-title":"A comparative clinical and mycological study of Nd-YAG laser versus topical terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"26","author":"El-Tatawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00615.x","article-title":"Near-infrared photoinactivation of bacteria and fungi at physiologic temperatures","volume":"85","author":"Bornstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"379725","article-title":"The effect of Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm\/532 nm laser in the treatment of onychomycosis in vivo","volume":"2013","author":"Kalokasidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.993380","article-title":"New pharmacotherapy for the treatment of onychomycosis: an update","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2014.957213","article-title":"New treatment options for onychomycosis","volume":"16","author":"Mordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"762","article-title":"Onychomycosis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"88","author":"Westerberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12225","article-title":"Laser treatment for onychomycosis: a review","volume":"57","author":"Bhatta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00615.x","article-title":"Near-infrared photoinactivation of bacteria and fungi at physiologic temperatures","volume":"85","author":"Bornstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-7-34","article-title":"The effectiveness of lasers in the treatment of onychomycosis: a 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Dermatol"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel laser in treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"1","author":"Kozarev","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Laser Health Acad"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00109.x","article-title":"Toenail onychomycosis: current and future treatment options","volume":"20","author":"Finch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"1","article-title":"A retrospective chart review of the clinical efficacy of Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser for toenail onychomycosis","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"322","article-title":"Treatment of onychomycosis using the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser: a clinical pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Hees","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref441","article-title":"\u201cLaser Treatment for Toenail 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Dermatol"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"496","article-title":"Treating onychomycoses of the toenail: clinical efficacy of the sub-millisecond 1,064 nm Nd: YAG laser using a 5 mm spot diameter","volume":"11","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000368348","article-title":"1,064-nm diode laser therapy of onychomycosis: results of a prospective open treatment of 82 toenails","volume":"230","author":"Renner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0492-4","article-title":"The effects of laser irradiation on Trichophyton rubrum growth","volume":"23","author":"Vural","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2014.910082","article-title":"Treatment of onychomycosis with a 1,064-Nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser","volume":"16","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel laser in treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"1","author":"Kozarev","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Laser Health Acad"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2014.14090","article-title":"Management of onychomycosis in Canada in 2014","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22211","article-title":"A review of lasers and light for the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"46","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.54.333","article-title":"Treatment of onychomycosis using a 1064nm Nd:YAG 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Dermatol"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-007-0492-4","article-title":"The effects of laser irradiation on Trichophyton rubrum growth","volume":"23","author":"Vural","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000189","article-title":"A 1,320-nm Nd: YAG laser for improving the appearance of onychomycosis","volume":"40","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1034078","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser in treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"27","author":"Wanitphakdeedecha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2014.957213","article-title":"New treatment options for 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fungal onychomycosis","volume":"12","author":"Waibel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000157","article-title":"Combined oral terbinafine and long-pulsed 1,064-nm Nd: YAG laser treatment is more effective for onychomycosis than either treatment alone","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.12.024","article-title":"Lack of efficacy with 1064-nm neodymium-aluminum-garnet laser for the treatment of onychomycosis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Hollmig","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2014.910082","article-title":"Treatment of onychomycosis with a 1,064-Nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG 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