{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:10:22Z","timestamp":1790802622688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n This study sought to assess the prevalence of flat feet in primary school children and to find correlations among arch height, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and obesity level.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The 400 children aged 10 to 12 years who took part in the study had their body height, weight, and fat percentage measured. Based on these measurements, body mass index was calculated and weight status was categorized for all of the participants. The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured on a computerized podoscope and given in Clarke's angles. Dorsiflexion ROM was assessed with the child in the nonweightbearing sitting position with the knees 90\u00b0 flexed. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were implemented to analyze the data. Intergroup differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Tukey tests. Significance was accepted at P = .05.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Flat feet were found in 36% of participants; limited ROM was found in both feet in 25% of participants and in one foot in 12%. No significant differences in dorsiflexion ROM in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet were revealed. Excessive body weight was disclosed in 21% of participants. Overweight and obese children had significantly lower foot arches and notably smaller ankle dorsiflexion ROM than those with normal weight.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Ankle dorsiflexion ROM is similar in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet. However, limited dorsiflexion ROM is more often found in children with excessive weight.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/15-150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T16:52:42Z","timestamp":1491843162000},"page":"130-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Correlations Among Foot Arching, Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion, and Obesity Level in Primary School Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Jankowicz-Szymanska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School, Tarnow, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Mikolajczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wodka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School, Tarnow, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2005.03.003","article-title":"Weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in idiopathic pes cavus compared to normal and pes planus feet","volume":"15","author":"Burns","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Foot"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"41","article-title":"Faulty posture among population of children aged 10-12 in Malow district","volume":"17","author":"Szczepanowska-Wo\u0142owiec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Stud"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.11.002","article-title":"Demographic, physical, and radiographic factors associated with functional flatfoot deformity","volume":"53","author":"Shibuya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"247","article-title":"Pediatric flexible flatfoot: clinical aspects and algorithmic approach","volume":"23","author":"Halabchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.7547\/1020114","article-title":"Epidemiologic factors affecting plantar arch development in children with flat feet","volume":"102","author":"Pauk","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAPMA"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1122-x","article-title":"Clinical practice: static, axial, and rotational deformities of the lower extremities in children","volume":"169","author":"Fabry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J 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