{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:13:56Z","timestamp":1783509236401,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus that has been cited to cause infection in immunocompromised populations. In the literature, S marcescens infections of the lower extremity have presented as granulomatous ulceration, abscess, bullous cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Herein we present a series of three cases of lower-extremity infections in which S marcescens was the sole or a contributing pathogen. We discuss the commonalities of these three cases as well as with those previously cited. All three patients presented with some combination of a similar set of clinical characteristics, including bullae formation, liquefactive necrosis, and black necrotic eschar. All three patients were diabetic and had peripheral vascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/15-180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]],"date-time":"2017-06-26T16:11:52Z","timestamp":1498493512000},"page":"231-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lower-Extremity Infections Caused by Serratia marcescens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL. Dr. Rowan is now with the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Bethesda Health, Boynton Beach, FL and David L. Smythe Wound Care Center, Martin Health System, Stuart, FL. Dr. Mantilla is now with the Ankle and Foot Centeres of Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL. Dr. Olupona is now with the Coral Gables Podiatry Center, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Rowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Certified Foot and Ankle Specialists, Palm City, FL. Dr. Rowan is now with the Department of Podiatry, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Mantilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL. Dr. Rowan is now with the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Bethesda Health, Boynton Beach, FL and David L. Smythe Wound Care Center, Martin Health System, Stuart, FL. Dr. Mantilla is now with the Ankle and Foot Centeres of Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL. Dr. Olupona is now with the Coral Gables Podiatry Center, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bamidele","family":"Olupona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL. Dr. Rowan is now with the Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Bethesda Health, Boynton Beach, FL and David L. Smythe Wound Care Center, Martin Health System, Stuart, FL. Dr. Mantilla is now with the Ankle and Foot Centeres of Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL. Dr. Olupona is now with the Coral Gables Podiatry Center, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"MacIntyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-11","article-title":"Serratia infections: from military experiments to current practice","volume":"24","author":"Mahlen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2012.73.1.32","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens of ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"73","author":"Chi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"705","article-title":"Leg ulcers and abscesses caused by Serratia marcescens","volume":"18","author":"Langrock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1971.00310200083008","article-title":"White AC: Serratia marcescens bacteremia","volume":"128","author":"Crowder","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203054546370","article-title":"The family of Serratia type pore forming toxins","volume":"6","author":"Hertle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340170074034","article-title":"Jr: Primary cellulitis due to Serratia marcescens","volume":"250","author":"Bonner","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400060940","article-title":"Epidemiological and 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Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.9.6.527-543.1924","article-title":"Bartolomeo Bizio's letter to the most eminent priest, Angelo Bellani, concerning the phenomenon of the red colored polenta","volume":"9","author":"Merlino","year":"1924","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs198","article-title":"A case of necrotising fasciitis caused by Serratia marsescens: extreme age as functional immunosuppression?","volume":"42","author":"Cope","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2012.73.1.32","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens of ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"73","author":"Chi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis 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on the hands","volume":"27","author":"de Vries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480507100311","article-title":"A fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Serratia marcescens","volume":"7","author":"Curtis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs198","article-title":"A case of necrotising fasciitis caused by Serratia marsescens: extreme age as functional immunosuppression?","volume":"42","author":"Cope","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.290","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of Serratia marcescens bloodstream infections caused by contamination of prefilled heparin and isotonic sodium chloride solution syringes","volume":"169","author":"Blossom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"981","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"55","author":"Puvanendran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"367","article-title":"Multiple skin ulcers due to Serratia marcescens in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"149","author":"Carlesimo","year":"2014","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480507100311","article-title":"A fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Serratia marcescens","volume":"7","author":"Curtis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis346","article-title":"2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections","volume":"54","author":"Lipsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"981","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"55","author":"Puvanendran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis346","article-title":"2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections","volume":"54","author":"Lipsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.237","article-title":"Endogenous Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis: an atypical presentation","volume":"28","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical 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