{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:18Z","timestamp":1783509258281,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous adverse drug reactions make up 1% to 2% of all adverse drug reactions. From these adverse cutaneous drug reactions, 16% to 21% can be categorized as fixed drug reactions (FDR). Fixed drug reactions may show diverse morphology including but not limited to the following: dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, urticaria, morbilliform exanthema, hypersensitivity syndrome, pigmentary changes, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, photosensitivity, and vasculitis. An FDR will occur at the same site because of repeated exposure to the offending agent, causing a corresponding immune reaction. There are many drugs that can cause an FDR, such as analgesics, antibiotics, muscle relaxants, and anticonvulsants. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin has been shown to be a cause of cutaneous adverse drug reactions; however, the fixed drug reaction bullous variant is rare. This case study was published to demonstrate a rare adverse side effect to a commonly used antibiotic in podiatric medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/17-088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T10:52:34Z","timestamp":1559040754000},"page":"155-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ciprofloxacin-Induced Bullae of the Lower Extremity: A Case of a Fixed Drug Reaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Mollica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Mollica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Claydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-109-2-155-b01","series-title":"in The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology","article-title":"\u201cToxicological Aspects of Melanin and Melanogenesis,\u201d","author":"Boissy \n              RE,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boissy \n              RE, \n            \n            \n              Hearing \n              VJ, \n            \n            \n              King \n              RA, \n            \n            et al: \n          \u201cToxicological Aspects of Melanin and Melanogenesis,\u201d\n          in The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology\n          , Vol 2, edited by\n          \n            \n              J\n              Nordlund, \n            \n          \n          p 1025,\n          Oxford University Press, New York, 1998."},{"key":"i8750-7315-109-2-155-b02","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02853.x","article-title":"Fixed drug eruption (FDE): changing scenario of incriminating drugs","volume":"45","author":"Sehgal \n              VN,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sehgal \n              VN, \n            \n            \n              Srivastava \n              G: \n            \n          \n          Fixed drug eruption (FDE): changing scenario of incriminating drugs. 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