{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:31Z","timestamp":1783509271015,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Flexible flatfoot disturbs the load distribution of the foot. Various external supports are used to prevent abnormal plantar loading in flexible flatfoot. However, few studies have compared the effects of different external supports on plantar loading in flexible flatfoot. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elastic taping, nonelastic taping, and custom-made foot orthoses on plantar pressure-time integral and contact area in flexible flatfoot.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-seven participants with flexible flatfoot underwent dynamic pedobarographic analysis while barefoot and with elastic tape, nonelastic tape, and custom-made foot orthoses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Pressure-time integral percentage was higher with foot orthoses than in the barefoot and taping conditions in the midfoot (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and was lower with foot orthoses than in barefoot in the right forefoot (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). Pressure-time integral values were lower with foot orthoses in the second, third, and fourth metatarsals and the lateral heel (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). With foot orthoses, contact area values were higher in the toes; second, third, and fourth metatarsi; midfoot; and heel compared with the other conditions (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). Pressure-time integral in the right lateral heel and contact area in the left fourth metatarsal increased with nonelastic taping versus barefoot (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Foot orthoses are more effective in providing dynamic pressure redistribution in flexible flatfoot. Although nonelastic taping has some effects, taping methods may be insufficient in altering the measured pedobarographic values in this condition.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/17-214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T17:00:40Z","timestamp":1624035640000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Different External Supports on Plantar Pressure-Time Integral and Contact Area in Flexible Flatfoot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Banu","family":"\u00dcnver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilg\u00fcn","family":"Bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b01","series-title":"Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeleteal System, 3rd Ed","first-page":"222","article-title":"\u201cBiomechanics of the 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tibialis tendon dysfunction and healthy controls","volume":"36","author":"Tome","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tome\n J\n \n \n Nawoczenski\n DA\n \n \n Flemister\n A\n \n :\n \n Comparison of foot kinematics between subjects with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction and healthy controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther36: 635,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006.\n\t\t\t\t10.2519\/jospt.2006.229317017268"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b04","series-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364612461167","article-title":"The effect of prefabricated and proprioceptive foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in patients with flexible flatfoot during walking","volume":"37","author":"Aminian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aminian\n G\n \n \n Safaeepour\n Z\n \n \n Farhoodi\n M\n \n :\n \n The effect of prefabricated and proprioceptive foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in patients with flexible flatfoot during 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Differences in plantar loading between flat and normal feet during different athletic tasks.\n\t\t\t\t\tGait Posture29: 582,\n\t\t\t\t\t2009.\n\t\t\t\t1915787810.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.12.010"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b10","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.02.026","article-title":"The relationship between foot posture and plantar pressure during walking in adults: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Buldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buldt\n AK\n \n \n Allan\n JJ\n \n \n Landorf\n KB\n \n :\n \n The relationship between foot posture and plantar pressure during walking in adults: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tGait Posture62: 56,\n\t\t\t\t\t2018.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.02.02629524798"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b11","series-title":"Indian J Sci Technol","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of elastic and non-elastic tape on flat 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1,\n\t\t\t\t\t2008."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b15","series-title":"Phys Ther Sport","first-page":"62","article-title":"Lower-leg kinesio tape reduces rate of loading in participants with medial tibial stress syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Griebert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Griebert\n MC\n \n \n Needle\n AR\n \n \n McConnell\n J\n \n :\n \n Lower-leg kinesio tape reduces rate of loading in participants with medial tibial stress syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Ther Sport18: 62,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t24726684"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b16","series-title":"Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/68.5.678","article-title":"Methods for taking subtalar joint measurements: a clinical report","volume":"68","author":"Elveru","year":"1988","unstructured":"Elveru\n AR\n \n \n Rothstein\n JM\n \n \n Lamb\n RL\n \n :\n \n Methods for taking subtalar joint measurements: a clinical report.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Ther68: 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exercise and exercise alone on pain and lower limb function in individuals with exercise related leg pain: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith\n MMF\n \n \n Coates\n SS\n \n \n Creaby\n MW:\n \n \n A comparison of rigid tape and exercise, elastic tape and exercise and exercise alone on pain and lower limb function in individuals with exercise related leg pain: a randomised controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Musculoskelet Disord15: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b26","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.004","article-title":"Temporal characteristics of foot roll-over during barefoot jogging: reference data for young adults","volume":"21","author":"De Cock","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Cock\n A\n \n \n De Clercq\n D\n \n \n Willems\n T\n \n :\n \n Temporal characteristics of foot roll-over during barefoot jogging: reference data for young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tGait Posture21: 432,\n\t\t\t\t\t2005.\n\t\t\t\t1588613310.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.004"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b27","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Res","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contoured, prefabricated foot orthoses demonstrate comparable mechanical properties to contoured, customised foot orthoses: a plantar pressure study","volume":"2","author":"Redmond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Redmond\n AC\n \n \n Landorf\n KB\n \n \n Keenan\n AM:\n \n \n Contoured, prefabricated foot orthoses demonstrate comparable mechanical properties to contoured, customised foot orthoses: a plantar pressure study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Res2: 1,\n\t\t\t\t\t2009."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b28","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"374","article-title":"Plantar foot pressures after the augmented low dye taping technique","volume":"42","author":"Vicenzino","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vicenzino\n B\n \n \n McPoil\n T\n \n \n Buckland\n S:\n \n \n Plantar foot pressures after the augmented low dye taping technique.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train42: 374,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007.\n\t\t\t\t18059993"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b29","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2003.09.0139","article-title":"Effectiveness of insoles on plantar pressure redistribution","volume":"41","author":"San Tsung","year":"2004","unstructured":"San Tsung\n BY\n \n \n Zhang\n M\n \n \n Mak\n AFT\n \n et al\n :\n\t\t\t\t\tEffectiveness of insoles on plantar pressure redistribution.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Res Dev41: 767,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t10.1682\/JRRD.2003.09.013915685465"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b30","series-title":"Diabetologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-1","article-title":"High prevalence of ischemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patient with diabetic foot disease in Europe: baseline results from the Eurodiale study","volume":"50","author":"Prompers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prompers\n L\n \n \n Huijberts\n M\n \n \n Apelqvist\n J\n \n :\n \n High prevalence of ischemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patient with diabetic foot disease in Europe: baseline results from the Eurodiale study.\n\t\t\t\t\tDiabetologia50: 18,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007.\n\t\t\t\t10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-117093942"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-3-Article_11-b31","series-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611429986","article-title":"Effect of insole material on lower limb kinematics and plantar pressures during treadmill walking","volume":"36","author":"Healy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Healy\n A\n \n \n Dunning\n DN\n \n \n Chockalingam\n N:\n \n \n Effect of insole material on lower limb kinematics and plantar pressures during treadmill walking.\n\t\t\t\t\tProsthet Orthot Int36: 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