{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:27Z","timestamp":1783509267857,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Plantar pressure assessments are useful for understanding the functions of the foot and lower limb and for predicting injury incidence rates. Musculoskeletal fatigue is likely to affect plantar pressure profiles. This study aimed to characterize college elite basketball players' plantar pressure profiles and pain profiles during static standing and walking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Fifty-one male elite basketball players and 85 male recreational basketball players participated in this study. An optical plantar pressure measurement system was used to collect the arch index (AI), regional plantar pressure distributions (PPDs), and footprint characteristics during static and dynamic activities. Elite basketball players' pain profiles were examined for evaluating their common musculoskeletal pain areas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The AI values were in the reference range in recreational basketball players and considerably lower in elite basketball players. Elite basketball players' static PPDs of both feet were mainly exerted on the lateral longitudinal arch and the lateral heel and were relatively lower on the medial longitudinal arch and medial and lateral metatarsal bones. The PPDs mainly transferred to the lateral metatarsal bone and lateral longitudinal arch and decreased at the medial heel during the midstance phase of walking. The footprint characteristics of elite basketball players illustrated the features of calcaneal varus (supinated foot) of high arches and dropped cuboid foot. The lateral ankle joints and anterior cruciate ligaments were the common musculoskeletal pain areas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Elite basketball players' AI values indicated high arches, and their PPDs tended to parallel the features of the high-arched supinated and dropped cuboid foot. Their pain profiles resonated with the common basketball injuries and reflected the features of Jones fracture and cuboid syndrome. The potential links among high-arched supinated foot, Jones fracture, and cuboid syndrome are worth further study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/18-043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T08:57:18Z","timestamp":1595494638000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Plantar Pressure Profiles and Possible Foot Syndromes of Taiwanese College Elite Basketball Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Tong-Hsien","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yih-Shyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hsien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b01","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032318","article-title":"Time-motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition","volume":"41","author":"Ben Abdelkrim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ben Abdelkrim\n N\n \n \n El Fazaa\n S\n \n \n 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Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2010.12.005","article-title":"Interventions for treating proximal fifth metatarsal fractures in adults: a meta-analysis of the current evidence-base","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith\n TO\n \n \n Clark\n A\n \n \n Hing\n CB:\n \n \n Interventions for treating proximal fifth metatarsal fractures in adults: a meta-analysis of the current evidence-base.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Surg17: 300,\n\t\t\t\t\t2011.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.fas.2010.12.00522017907"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b04","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10776-002-0632-5","article-title":"Stress fractures in athletes: review of 196 cases","volume":"8","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iwamoto\n J\n \n \n Takeda\n T:\n \n \n Stress fractures in athletes: review of 196 cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sci8: 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the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity","volume":"80","author":"Williams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williams\n DS\n \n \n McClay\n IS:\n \n \n Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Ther80: 864,\n\t\t\t\t\t2000.\n\t\t\t\t10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.86410960934"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b15","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500811","article-title":"The arch index: a measure of flat or fat feet?","volume":"25","author":"Wearing","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wearing\n SC\n \n \n Hills\n AP\n \n \n Byrne\n NM\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n The arch index: a measure of flat or fat feet?\n Foot Ankle Int\n 25\n : \n 575,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/107110070402500811"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b16","series-title":"J Athl 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93,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007.\n\t\t\t\t1717877610.1136\/bjsm.2006.030668"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b32","series-title":"J Athl Train","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.24","article-title":"Plantar loading during cutting while wearing a rigid carbon fiber insert","volume":"49","author":"Queen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Queen\n RM\n \n \n Abbey\n AN\n \n \n Verma\n R\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Plantar loading during cutting while wearing a rigid carbon fiber insert.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Athl Train49: 297,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.24"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b33","series-title":"Sports Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2016.1174288","article-title":"Basketball lay-up: foot loading characteristics and the number of trials necessary to obtain stable plantar pressure variables","volume":"16","author":"Chua","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chua\n YK\n \n \n Quek\n RK\n \n \n Kong\n PW:\n \n \n Basketball lay-up: foot loading characteristics and the number of trials necessary to obtain stable plantar pressure variables.\n\t\t\t\t\tSports Biomech16: 13,\n\t\t\t\t\t2017.\n\t\t\t\t2724176310.1080\/14763141.2016.1174288"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b34","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.10.028","article-title":"In-shoe plantar tri-axial stress profiles during maximum-effort cutting maneuvers","volume":"47","author":"Cong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cong\n Y\n \n \n Lam\n WK\n \n \n Cheung\n JT\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n In-shoe plantar tri-axial stress profiles during maximum-effort cutting maneuvers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Biomech47: 3799,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.10.02825468303"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b35","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90255-7","article-title":"The arch 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region for long- and short-range throws in women basketball players","volume":"13","author":"Pau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pau\n M\n \n \n Ciuti\n C:\n \n \n Stresses in the plantar region for long- and short-range throws in women basketball players.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Sport Sci13: 575,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\t10.1080\/17461391.2012.73871124050476"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b40","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3412","article-title":"Static foot posture associated with dynamic plantar pressure parameters","volume":"41","author":"Teyhen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teyhen\n DS\n \n \n Stoltenberg\n BE\n \n \n Eckard\n TG\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Static foot posture associated with dynamic plantar pressure parameters.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther41: 100,\n\t\t\t\t\t2011.\n\t\t\t\t10.2519\/jospt.2011.341220972342"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b41","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"112","article-title":"Effect of foot morphology on center-of-pressure excursion during barefoot walking","volume":"98","author":"Wong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wong\n L\n \n \n Hunt\n A\n \n \n Burns\n J\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Effect of foot morphology on center-of-pressure excursion during barefoot walking.\n\t\t\t\t\tJAPMA98: 112,\n\t\t\t\t\t2008."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b42","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506295938","article-title":"Forefoot loading during 3 athletic tasks","volume":"35","author":"Queen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Queen\n RM\n \n \n Haynes\n BB\n \n \n Hardaker\n WM\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Forefoot loading during 3 athletic tasks.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med35: 630,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007.\n\t\t\t\t1721865310.1177\/0363546506295938"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b43","series-title":"Am J Orthop","first-page":"532","article-title":"Fifth metatarsal stress fractures in elite basketball players: evaluation of forces acting on the fifth metatarsal","volume":"35","author":"Guettler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guettler\n JH\n \n \n Ruskan\n GJ\n \n \n Bytomski\n JR\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Fifth metatarsal stress fractures in elite basketball players: evaluation of forces acting on the fifth metatarsal.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthop35: 532,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006.\n\t\t\t\t17152977"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b44","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2327","article-title":"Effects of wearing foot orthosis with medial arch support on the fifth metatarsal loading and ankle inversion angle in selected basketball tasks","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yu\n B\n \n \n Preston\n JJ\n \n \n Queen\n RM\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Effects of wearing foot orthosis with medial arch support on the fifth metatarsal loading and ankle inversion angle in selected basketball tasks.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther37: 186,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007.\n\t\t\t\t1746967110.2519\/jospt.2007.2327"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b45","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0796","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of foot structure following fifth metatarsal stress fracture","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee\n KT\n \n \n Kim\n KC\n \n \n Park\n YU\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Radiographic evaluation of foot structure following fifth metatarsal stress fracture.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int32: 796,\n\t\t\t\t\t2011.\n\t\t\t\t10.3113\/FAI.2011.079622049866"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b46","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"350","article-title":"Lateral stability in sideward cutting movements","volume":"28","author":"Stacoff","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stacoff\n A\n \n \n Steger\n J\n \n \n St\u00fcssi\n E\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Lateral stability in sideward cutting movements.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc28: 350,\n\t\t\t\t\t1996.\n\t\t\t\t8776223"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b47","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300508","article-title":"A prospective study of ankle injury risk factors","volume":"23","author":"Baumhauer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baumhauer\n JF\n \n \n Alosa\n DM\n \n \n Renstr\u00f6m\n AF\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n A prospective study of ankle injury risk factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med23: 564,\n\t\t\t\t\t1995.\n\t\t\t\t852627110.1177\/036354659502300508"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b48","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"413","article-title":"Peroneal cuboid syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Subotnick","year":"1989","unstructured":"Subotnick\n SI:\n \n \n Peroneal cuboid syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tJAPMA79: 413,\n\t\t\t\t\t1989."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b49","series-title":"J Sports Sci Med","first-page":"597","article-title":"Cuboid syndrome: a review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Patterson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patterson\n SM:\n \n \n Cuboid syndrome: a review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Sports Sci Med5: 597,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006.\n\t\t\t\t24357955"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b50","series-title":"Clin Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00005-5","article-title":"Arch structure and injury patterns in runners","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Williams\n DS\n III,\n \n \n McClay\n IS\n \n \n Hamill\n J:\n \n \n Arch structure and injury patterns in runners.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biomech16: 341,\n\t\t\t\t\t2001.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00005-5"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b51","series-title":"Foot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2010.03.002","article-title":"High prevalence of foot problems in the Danish population: a survey of causes and associations","volume":"20","author":"M\u00f8lgaard","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00f8lgaard\n C\n \n \n Lundbye-Christensen\n S\n \n \n Simonsen\n O:\n \n \n High prevalence of foot problems in the Danish population: a survey of causes and associations.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot20: 7,\n\t\t\t\t\t2010.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.foot.2010.03.002"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b52","series-title":"J 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Athl Train48: 528,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\t2385536310.4085\/1062-6050-48.4.02"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b58","series-title":"Am J Knee Surg","first-page":"43","article-title":"The incidence of knee ligament injuries in the general population","volume":"4","author":"Miyasaka","year":"1991","unstructured":"Miyasaka\n KC\n \n \n Daniel\n DM\n \n \n Stone\n ML:\n \n \n The incidence of knee ligament injuries in the general population.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Knee Surg4: 43,\n\t\t\t\t\t1991."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b59","series-title":"Ann Musculoskelet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.17352\/amm.000002","article-title":"How anterior cruciate ligament injury was averted during knee collapse in a NBA point guard","volume":"1","author":"Schilaty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schilaty\n ND\n \n \n Bates\n NA\n \n \n Krych\n AJ\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n How anterior cruciate ligament injury was averted during knee collapse in a NBA point guard.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Musculoskelet Med1: 8,\n\t\t\t\t\t2017.\n\t\t\t\t10.17352\/amm.000002"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b60","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.7.409","article-title":"Treatment of cuboid syndrome secondary to lateral ankle sprains: a case series","volume":"35","author":"Jennings","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jennings\n J\n \n \n Davies\n GJ:\n \n \n Treatment of cuboid syndrome secondary to lateral ankle sprains: a case series.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sports Phys Ther35: 409,\n\t\t\t\t\t2005.\n\t\t\t\t1610858110.2519\/jospt.2005.35.7.409"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b61","series-title":"Podiatry Today","first-page":"76","article-title":"How to treat cuboid syndrome in an athlete","volume":"17","author":"Caselli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caselli\n MA\n \n \n Pantelaras\n N:\n \n \n How to treat cuboid syndrome in an athlete.\n\t\t\t\t\tPodiatry Today17: 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of the fifth metatarsal in basketball players.\n\t\t\t\t\tKnee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc7: 373,\n\t\t\t\t\t1999.\n\t\t\t\t1063965610.1007\/s001670050183"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-1-Article_5-b64","series-title":"Sports Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115593441","article-title":"Prevention of lower extremity injuries in basketball: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor\n JB\n \n \n Ford\n KR\n \n \n Nguyen\n AD\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Prevention of lower extremity injuries in basketball: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tSports Health7: 392,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015.\n\t\t\t\t2650241210.1177\/1941738115593441"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical 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