{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:20Z","timestamp":1783509260076,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Onychomycosis is the most common infectious nail disorder. Direct mycologic examination is still the cornerstone of diagnosis; however, it may take several weeks to obtain a result. Recently some dermoscopic patterns that can be useful in the diagnosis of onychomycosis were described. However, published data on dermoscopic features of onychomycosis are still limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective dermoscopic study of patients with positive fungal culture between April and December 2016. Patients with a final diagnosis of psoriasis or lichen planus were excluded from the study. Dermoscopy (polarized and nonpolarized) was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-seven patients were enrolled, 24 women and 13 men (median \u00b1 SD age, 48.6 \u00b1 16.1 years). Nail samples were culture positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (89.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton interdigitale<\/jats:italic>\n                      (8.1%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2.7%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most frequent clinical subtype (59.5%). The most frequent dermoscopic features were subungual keratosis (73.0%), distal subungual longitudinal striae (70.3%), spikes of the proximal margin of an onycholytic area (59.5%), transverse superficial leukonychia (29.7%), and linear hemorrhage (13.5%). Brown chromonychia was most frequently seen with nonpolarized dermoscopy (66.6% versus 24%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific dermoscopic signs of onychomycosis are mostly related to the proximal invasion of the nail plate. Detection of these signs is simple and can, in some cases, help avoid mycologic testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/18-102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T21:01:13Z","timestamp":1596142873000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dermoscopic Features of Toenail Onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Noureddine","family":"Litaiem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Nakouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrine","family":"Bouhlel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Bouchakoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faten","family":"Zegaloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b01","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"413","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnosis of onychomycosis by dermoscopy","volume":"107","author":"Bodman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bodman\n              MA:\n            \n          \n          Point-of-care diagnosis of onychomycosis by dermoscopy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJAPMA107: 413,\n\t\t\t\t\t2017."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b02","series-title":"J Fungi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/jof1010030","article-title":"Onychomycosis: a review","volume":"1","author":"Piraccini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Piraccini\n              B\n            \n            \n              Alessandrini\n              A:\n            \n          \n          Onychomycosis: a review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Fungi1: 30,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015.\n\t\t\t\t10.3390\/jof1010030http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000453173700004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b03","series-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.39584","article-title":"Comparison of potassium hydroxide mount and mycological culture with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff staining of the nail clippings in the diagnosis of onychomycosis","volume":"74","author":"Shenoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shenoy\n              MM\n            \n            \n              Teerthanath\n              S\n            \n            \n              Karnaker\n              VK\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Comparison of potassium hydroxide mount and mycological culture with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff staining of the nail clippings in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol74: 226,\n\t\t\t\t\t2008.\n\t\t\t\t10.4103\/0378-6323.39584http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000257933400009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b04","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04720.x","article-title":"Dermatoscopic findings in the most frequent onychipathies: descreptive analysis of 500 cases","volume":"51","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nakamura\n              R\n            \n            \n              Costa\n              M:\n            \n          \n          Dermatoscopic findings in the most frequent onychipathies: descreptive analysis of 500 cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Dermatol51: 483,\n\t\t\t\t\t2012.\n\t\t\t\t10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04720.x"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b05","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04323.x","article-title":"Nail digital dermoscopy (onychoscopy) in the diagnosis of onychomycosis","volume":"27","author":"Piraccini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piraccini\n              BM\n            \n            \n              Balestri\n              R\n            \n            \n              Starace\n              M\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Nail digital dermoscopy (onychoscopy) in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol27: 509,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\t10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04323.xhttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316575200017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b06","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12104","article-title":"Dermatoscopy of onychomycosis","volume":"53","author":"De Crignis","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Crignis\n              G\n            \n            \n              Valgas\n              N\n            \n            \n              Rezende\n              P\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Dermatoscopy of onychomycosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Dermatol53: e97,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t2378676510.1111\/ijd.12104http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000329880200010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b07","series-title":"Eur J Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2015.2637","article-title":"Nail dermoscopy is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of onychomycosis: a case control study","volume":"25","author":"El-Hoshy","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Hoshy\n              KH\n            \n            \n              Abdel Hay\n              RM\n            \n            \n              El-Sherif\n              RH\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Nail dermoscopy is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of onychomycosis: a case control study.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Dermatol25: 494,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015.\n\t\t\t\t10.1684\/ejd.2015.2637http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000367868300024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b08","series-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept","first-page":"39","article-title":"Dermoscopic patterns in patients with a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis: results of a prospective study including data of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture examination","volume":"5","author":"Jes\u00fas-Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jes\u00fas-Silva\n              MA\n            \n            \n              Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez\n              R\n            \n            \n              Rold\u00e1n-Mar\u00edn\n              R\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Dermoscopic patterns in patients with a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis: results of a prospective study including data of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture examination.\n\t\t\t\t\tDermatol Pract Concept5: 39,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015.\n\t\t\t\t26114050"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b09","series-title":"Arch Dermatol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1796-2","article-title":"The role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of distal lateral subungual onychomycosis","volume":"310","author":"Kaynak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaynak\n              E\n            \n            \n              G\u00f6ktay\n              F\n            \n            \n              G\u00fcne\u015f\n              P\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of distal lateral subungual onychomycosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Dermatol Res310: 57,\n\t\t\t\t\t2018.\n\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000419436000006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1007\/s00403-017-1796-2"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-3-Article_4-b10","series-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.0014","article-title":"The epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology of onychomycosis","volume":"32","author":"Scher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scher\n              RK\n            \n            \n              Rich\n              P\n            \n            \n              Pariser\n              D\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology of onychomycosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Cutan Med Surg32: S2,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000321994300002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.12788\/j.sder.001424156160"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/110\/3\/i8750-7315-110-3-article_4.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.7547\/18-102\/2558820\/i8750-7315-110-3-article_4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/110\/3\/i8750-7315-110-3-article_4.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/110\/3\/i8750-7315-110-3-article_4.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:17:55Z","timestamp":1783505875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/110\/3\/18102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/18-102","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}