{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:23Z","timestamp":1783509263526,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of stabilization of the lateral ligament combined with joint debridement in patients with ligamentous moderate neutral ankle osteoarthritis with those achieved for patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed integrated data from 40 patients (40 ankles) with ligamentous moderate ankle osteoarthritis. Matched for age, gender, and follow-up duration, they were divided into two groups by preoperative coronal plane hindfoot moment arm values (HMAV): neutral (20 ankles, \u226415 mm) and varus (20 ankles, &gt;15 mm) deformity. Stabilization of lateral ligament combined with joint debridement was performed. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind foot score, hindfood moment arm values, and classification of Takakura were used to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after a mean follow-up period of 64.2 months (range, 60-84 months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean post-operative AOFAS was 86.0 and 72.6 in the neutral and varus groups, respectively. The post-operative AOFAS of both groups improved significantly, although the outcome improvement of the neutral group was better than that of the varus group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0006). There was obvious improvement in HMAV of the neutral group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0469) and less improvement in HMAV of the varus group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.8509). The mean postoperative HMAV was 4.60 mm (0\u201310 mm) and 17.85 mm (8\u201323 mm) in the neutral and varus groups, respectively. The radiographic classification of Takakura was unchanged in the neutral group, whereas four cases in the varus group had a worse classification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stabilization of the lateral ligament combined with joint debridement for ligamentous moderate ankle osteoarthritis showed better clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with neutral alignment than that achieved for patients with varus malalignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/18-149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T01:55:50Z","timestamp":1591322150000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of the Outcome of Stabilization of the Lateral Ligament Combined with Joint Debridement for Ligamentous Moderate Neutral Ankle Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmou","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shangdong University, Shangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b01","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01299","article-title":"Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with end-stage ankle and hip arthrosis","volume":"90","author":"Glazebrook","year":"2008","unstructured":"Glazebrook\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Daniels\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Younger\n              A.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with end-stage ankle and hip arthrosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Am90: 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\n\t\t\t\t\t612,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/036354650528181316303875"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b03","series-title":"Foot Ankle Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.001","article-title":"Ankle osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnostics, and classification","volume":"18","author":"Barg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barg\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Pagenstert\n              GI.\n            \n            \n              Hugle\n              T.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Ankle osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnostics, and classification.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Clin18: 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\n\t\t\t\t\t1800,\n\t\t\t\t\t2009.\n\t\t\t\t1883079110.1007\/s11999-008-0543-6"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b05","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002101208","article-title":"Fractures of the talus: experience of two level 1 trauma centers","volume":"21","author":"Elgafy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elgafy\n              H.\n            \n            \n              Ebraheim\n              NA.\n            \n            \n              Tile\n              M.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Fractures of the talus: experience of two level 1 trauma centers.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int21: \n\t\t\t\t\t1023,\n\t\t\t\t\t2000.\n\t\t\t\t1113903210.1177\/107110070002101208"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b06","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-003-0732-9","article-title":"Lateral ligament injury of the ankle and associated articular cartilage degeneration in the talocrural joint: anatomic study using elderly cadavers","volume":"9","author":"Hirose","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hirose\n              K.\n            \n            \n              Murakami\n              G.\n            \n            \n              Minowa\n              T.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Lateral ligament injury of the ankle and associated articular cartilage degeneration in the talocrural joint: anatomic study using elderly cadavers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Sci9: \n\t\t\t\t\t37,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t10.1007\/s00776-003-0732-914767703"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b07","series-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327356","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: prevalence, risk factors and functional impact","volume":"15","author":"Corti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Corti\n              MC.\n            \n            \n              Rigon\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: prevalence, risk factors and functional impact.\n\t\t\t\t\tAging Clin Exp Res15: \n\t\t\t\t\t359,\n\t\t\t\t\t2003.\n\t\t\t\t1470300110.1007\/BF03327356"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b08","series-title":"Drugs Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0243-3","article-title":"Can we identify patients with high risk of osteoarthritis progression who will respond to treatment? A focus on epidemiology and phenotype of osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Bruyere","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruyere\n              O.\n            \n            \n              Cooper\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Arden\n              N.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Can we identify patients with high risk of osteoarthritis progression who will respond to treatment? A focus on epidemiology and phenotype of osteoarthritis.\n\t\t\t\t\tDrugs Aging32: \n\t\t\t\t\t179,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015.\n\t\t\t\t25701074http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000351531300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1007\/s40266-015-0243-3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b09","series-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.07.001","article-title":"Ankle arthrodesis: a literature review","volume":"29","author":"DeHeer","year":"2012","unstructured":"DeHeer\n              PA.\n            \n            \n              Catoire\n              SM.\n            \n            \n              Taulman\n              J.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Ankle arthrodesis: a literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Podiatr Med Surg29: \n\t\t\t\t\t509,\n\t\t\t\t\t2012.\n\t\t\t\t2304406010.1016\/j.cpm.2012.07.001"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b10","series-title":"Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2007.08.004","article-title":"Ankle arthrodesis","volume":"14","author":"Nihal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nihal\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Gellman\n              RE.\n            \n            \n              Embil\n              JM.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Ankle arthrodesis.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Surg14: \n\t\t\t\t\t1,\n\t\t\t\t\t2008.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.fas.2007.08.00419083604"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b11","series-title":"Arthroscopy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.06.012","article-title":"Reconstruction of lateral ligament with arthroscopic drilling for treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis in unstable ankles","volume":"22","author":"Takao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takao\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Komatsu\n              F.\n            \n            \n              Naito\n              K.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Reconstruction of lateral ligament with arthroscopic drilling for treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis in unstable ankles.\n\t\t\t\t\tArthroscopy22: \n\t\t\t\t\t1119,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.06.01217027411"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b12","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600911","article-title":"The hindfoot alignment view","volume":"16","author":"Saltzman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Saltzman\n              CL.\n            \n            \n              el-Khoury\n              GY.\n            \n          \n          The hindfoot alignment view.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int16: \n\t\t\t\t\t572,\n\t\t\t\t\t1995.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/107110079501600911http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000281487400013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f38563927"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"50","article-title":"Low tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle. Results of a new operation in 18 patients","volume":"77","author":"Takakura","year":"1995","unstructured":"Takakura\n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Tanaka\n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Kumai\n              T.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Low tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle. Results of a new operation in 18 patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Br77: \n\t\t\t\t\t50,\n\t\t\t\t\t1995.\n\t\t\t\t7822395"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b14","series-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3511-1","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes between arthroscopic subchondral drilling and microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi\n              JI.\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              KB.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of clinical outcomes between arthroscopic subchondral drilling and microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus.\n\t\t\t\t\tKnee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc24: 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\n\t\t\t\t\t84,\n\t\t\t\t\t1980.\n\t\t\t\t727490310.1177\/107110078000100206"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b16","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002100211","article-title":"Modification of the Chrisman-Snook technique","volume":"21","author":"Acevedo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Acevedo\n              JI.\n            \n            \n              Myerson\n              MS.\n            \n          \n          Modification of the Chrisman-Snook technique.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int21: \n\t\t\t\t\t154,\n\t\t\t\t\t2000.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/10711007000210021110694029"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b17","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0475","article-title":"Ligament reconstruction and calcaneal osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee\n              HS.\n            \n            \n              Wapner\n              KL.\n            \n            \n              Park\n              SS.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Ligament reconstruction and calcaneal osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int30: \n\t\t\t\t\t475,\n\t\t\t\t\t2009.\n\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000266676100002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.3113\/FAI.2009.047519486622"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b18","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.04.003","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability: biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions","volume":"96","author":"Bonnel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonnel\n              F.\n            \n            \n              Toullec\n              E.\n            \n            \n              Mabit\n              C.\n            \n            :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Chronic ankle instability: biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions.\n\t\t\t\t\tOrthop Traumatol Surg Res96: \n\t\t\t\t\t424,\n\t\t\t\t\t2010.\n\t\t\t\t20493797http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000278547100015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1016\/j.otsr.2010.04.003"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b19","series-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden","first-page":"48","article-title":"Biomechanics of the ligaments of the unstable ankle joint","volume":"10","author":"Hintermann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hintermann\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Biomechanics of the ligaments of the unstable ankle joint.\n\t\t\t\t\tSportverletz Sportschaden10: \n\t\t\t\t\t48,\n\t\t\t\t\t1996.\n\t\t\t\t9005597"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b20","series-title":"Foot Ankle Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.010","article-title":"Joint-preserving surgery of asymmetric ankle osteoarthritis with peritalar instability","volume":"18","author":"Hintermann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hintermann\n              B.\n            \n            \n              Knupp\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Barg\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Joint-preserving surgery of asymmetric ankle osteoarthritis with peritalar instability.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Clin18: \n\t\t\t\t\t503,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.01024008215http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000325516000009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b21","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.06.011","article-title":"Treatment of Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis and Instability With a Novel Mortise-Plasty Osteotomy Procedure","volume":"55","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kobayashi\n              H.\n            \n            \n              Kageyama\n              Y.\n            \n            \n              Shido\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis and Instability With a Novel Mortise-Plasty Osteotomy Procedure.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg55: \n\t\t\t\t\t60,\n\t\t\t\t\t2016.\n\t\t\t\t26190784http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000367071200015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1053\/j.jfas.2015.06.011"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b22","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"e1101","article-title":"Reconstructive surgery for overcorrected clubfoot in adults","volume":"94","author":"Knupp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knupp\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Barg\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Bolliger\n              L.\n            \n            \n              Hintermann\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Reconstructive surgery for overcorrected clubfoot in adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Am94: \n\t\t\t\t\te1101,\n\t\t\t\t\t2012.\n\t\t\t\t22854999"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b23","series-title":"Foot Ankle Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.006","article-title":"Management of varus ankle osteoarthritis with joint-preserving osteotomy","volume":"18","author":"Myerson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Myerson\n              MS.\n            \n            \n              Zide\n              JR.\n            \n          \n          Management of varus ankle osteoarthritis with joint-preserving osteotomy.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Clin18: \n\t\t\t\t\t471,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.00624008213http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000325516000007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-2-Article_7-b24","series-title":"Foot Ankle 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