{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:24Z","timestamp":1783509264817,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Medial forefoot pain, or midarch pain, is usually attributed to plantar fasciitis. The authors present their findings of a previously unreported nerve entrapment of the medial proper plantar digital nerve (MPPDN). Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were analyzed for anatomical variance in the nerve distribution of the MPPDN. In addition, clinical results from a retrospective review of nine patients who underwent surgical nerve decompression of the MPPDN are presented. Significant anatomical variance was found for the MPPDN in the cadaveric dissection of 10 fresh-frozen specimens. Nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of entrapment of the MPPDN all obtained excellent pain relief with surgical external neurolysis. Only one complication occurred: a hypertrophic scar formation that was successfully treated with intralesional steroid injections. The authors believe that this MPPDN entrapment is often overlooked or misdiagnosed as plantar fasciitis. Surgical peripheral nerve decompression of this nerve can provide positive outcomes for patients suffering from midarch foot pain caused by this pain generator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/19-036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T01:14:05Z","timestamp":1618881245000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Midarch Foot Pain: Entrapment Neuropathy of the Distal Medial Plantar Nerve and Its Branches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sequioa","family":"DuCasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Lee","family":"Dellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b01","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"2200","article-title":"Plantar fasciitis and other causes of heel pain","volume":"59","author":"Barrett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barrett\n              SJ\n            \n            \n              O'Malley\n              R:\n            \n          \n          Plantar fasciitis and other causes of heel pain.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm Fam Physician59: 2200,\n\t\t\t\t\t1999.\n\t\t\t\t10221305"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b02","series-title":"Practical Pain Management for the Lower Extremity Surgeon, 1st Ed","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barrett\n              SL:\n            \n          \n          \n            Practical Pain Management for the Lower Extremity Surgeon, 1st Ed,\n\t\t\t\t\tData Trace,\n\t\t\t\t\tBrooklandville, MD,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b03","series-title":"J Exerc Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836172.086","article-title":"Potential for foot dysfunction and plantar fasciitis according to the shape of the foot arch in young adults","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park\n              SY\n            \n            \n              Bang\n              HS\n            \n            \n              Park\n              DJ:\n            \n          \n          Potential for foot dysfunction and plantar fasciitis according to the shape of the foot arch in young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Exerc Rehabil14: 497,\n\t\t\t\t\t2018.\n\t\t\t\t10.12965\/jer.1836172.08630018939http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000437363700028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b04","series-title":"Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mackinnon\n              SE\n            \n            \n              Dellon\n              AL:\n            \n          \n          \n            Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve\n          ,\n\t\t\t\t\tThieme,\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York,\n\t\t\t\t\t1988."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b05","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.09.045","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of Joplin's neuroma","volume":"55","author":"Melendez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Melendez\n              MM\n            \n            \n              Patel\n              A\n            \n            \n              Dellon\n              AL:\n            \n          \n          The diagnosis and treatment of Joplin's neuroma.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg55: 320,\n\t\t\t\t\t2016.\n\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000370657600026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f32548859910.1053\/j.jfas.2014.09.045"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b06","series-title":"Eduard Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Vol, 2","author":"Ferner","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ferner\n              H\n            \n            \n              Monsen,\n              H:\n            \n          \n          \n            Eduard Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Vol, 2,\n\t\t\t\t\tUrban and Schwarzkopf,\n\t\t\t\t\tBaltimore,\n\t\t\t\t\t1964."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b07","series-title":"A Photographic Study of the Human Body","author":"Rochen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rochen\n              JW\n            \n            \n              Yokochi\n              C\n            \n            \n              L\u00fctjen-Drescoll\n              E:\n            \n          \n          \n            A Photographic Study of the Human Body\n          ,\n\t\t\t\t\tPhiladelphia,\n\t\t\t\t\tLippincott Williams & Williams,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b08","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(96)80007-X","article-title":"Acute exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot","volume":"35","author":"Blacklidge","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blacklidge\n              DK\n            \n            \n              Kurek\n              JB\n            \n            \n              Soto\n              AD\n            \n            :\n          \n          Acute exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg35: 19,\n\t\t\t\t\t1996.\n\t\t\t\t883418210.1016\/S1067-2516(96)80007-X"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b09","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"417","article-title":"Jr: Exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot compartment\u2014diagnosis and treatment: a case report","volume":"104","author":"Izadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Izadi\n              FE\n            \n            \n              Richie\n              DH\n            \n          \n          Jr: Exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot compartment\u2014diagnosis and treatment: a case report.\n\t\t\t\t\tJAPMA104: 417,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_19-b10","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90034-O","article-title":"A noninvasive 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