{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:28Z","timestamp":1783509268816,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Hallux valgus (HV) is a progressive foot deformity in which the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is affected. The relationship between the dome height of the first metatarsal head and the HV deformity has not been studied previously. This study aimed to investigate a possible relation of the dome height of the first metatarsal head with articular alignment and the hallux valgus angle (HVA), which is frequently used to evaluate HV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 129 feet of 68 patients were included in the study. Anteroposterior digital radiographic images of the foot taken in a weightbearing, standing position were used to assess the HVA, dome height, and shape of the first metatarsal head and the alignment of the MTP joint. The dome height of the first metatarsal head is the vertical distance from the base to the highest point of the articular surface doming. The alignment was categorized into three groups: aligned, deviated, and subluxated. Patients were assigned into three groups based on the HVA: Normal, Mild HV and Moderate HV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A statistically significant, positive correlation was found between the HVA and the dome height of the first metatarsal head (r = 0.293,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). The dome height was significantly lower in the patients with a normal HVA than those with a high HVA (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.042,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.039 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05, respectively). The dome height of the first metatarsal head was found significantly higher in feet with subluxation, compared to feet aligned and deviated (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.001;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.0089 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Our study results suggest that HV deformity may be related to an increased dome height and the measurement of the dome height of the first metatarsal head might be used to evaluate an anatomic tendency toward HV development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7547\/20-015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T09:03:48Z","timestamp":1596618228000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Relationship of Dome Height of the First Metatarsal Head with Hallux Valgus Angle and Metatarsophalangeal Alignment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Esin Derin","family":"Cicek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feyza Akan","family":"Begoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilknur","family":"Aktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feyza Unlu","family":"Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b01","series-title":"Instr Course Lect","first-page":"357","article-title":"Hallux valgus","volume":"46","author":"Coughlin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coughlin\n MJ:\n \n \n Hallux valgus.\n\t\t\t\t\tInstr Course Lect46: \n\t\t\t\t\t357,\n\t\t\t\t\t1997.\n\t\t\t\t9143980"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b02","series-title":"Iowa Orthop J","first-page":"110","article-title":"Decision-making in bunion 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Japan","volume":"157","author":"Kato","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kato\n S\n \n \n Watanabe\n S:\n \n \n The etiology of hallux valgus in Japan.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Orthop Relat Res157: \n\t\t\t\t\t78,\n\t\t\t\t\t1981."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b09","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh071","article-title":"Prevalence of foot and ankle conditions in a multiethnic community sample of older adults","volume":"159","author":"Dunn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunn\n JE\n \n \n Link\n CL\n \n \n Felson\n DT\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Prevalence of foot and ankle conditions in a multiethnic community sample of older adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Epidemiol159: \n\t\t\t\t\t491,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t10.1093\/aje\/kwh071"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b10","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23709","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of hallux valgus in a primary care population","volume":"59","author":"Roddy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roddy\n E\n \n \n Zhang\n W\n \n \n Doherty\n M:\n \n \n Prevalence and associations of hallux valgus in a primary care population.\n\t\t\t\t\tArthritis Rheum59: \n\t\t\t\t\t857,\n\t\t\t\t\t2008.\n\t\t\t\t10.1002\/art.23709"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b11","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0759","article-title":"Hallux valgus: demographics, etiology, and radiographic assessment","volume":"28","author":"Coughlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coughlin\n MJ\n \n \n Jones\n CP:\n \n \n Hallux valgus: demographics, etiology, and radiographic assessment.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int28: \n\t\t\t\t\t759,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007.\n\t\t\t\t10.3113\/FAI.2007.075917666168"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b12","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00016","article-title":"Repair of hallux valgus with a distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy: a long term follow up","volume":"74","author":"Mann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mann\n RA\n \n \n Rudicel\n S\n \n \n Graves\n SC:\n \n \n Repair of hallux valgus with a distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy: a long term follow up.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Am74: \n\t\t\t\t\t124,\n\t\t\t\t\t1992.\n\t\t\t\t10.2106\/00004623-199274010-000161734001"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b13","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300114","article-title":"2nd: Angular measurements in the evaluation of hallux valgus deformities: a report of the ad hoc committee of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society on angular measurements","volume":"23","author":"Coughlin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coughlin\n MJ\n \n \n Saltzman\n CL\n \n \n Nunley\n JA\n \n \n 2nd: Angular measurements in the evaluation of hallux valgus deformities: a report of the ad hoc committee of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society on angular measurements.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int23: \n\t\t\t\t\t68,\n\t\t\t\t\t2002.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/107110070202300114"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b14","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900805","article-title":"Metatarsophalangeal and intermetatarsal angle: different values and interpretation of postoperative results dependent on the technique of measurement","volume":"19","author":"Schneider","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schneider\n W\n \n \n Knahr\n K:\n \n \n Metatarsophalangeal and intermetatarsal angle: different values and interpretation of postoperative results dependent on the technique of measurement.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int19: \n\t\t\t\t\t532,\n\t\t\t\t\t1998.\n\t\t\t\t972870010.1177\/107110079801900805"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b15","series-title":"TOTBID Dergisi","first-page":"390","article-title":"Diseases of the great toe: Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus","volume":"12","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu","year":"2013","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu\n O:\n \n \n Diseases of the great toe: Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus.\n\t\t\t\t\tTOTBID Dergisi12: \n\t\t\t\t\t390,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b16","series-title":"Foot and Ankle Ortopaedics","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hallux valgus","volume":"4","author":"Justin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Justin\n J\n \n \n Ray\n MD\n \n \n Andrew\n J:\n \n \n Hallux valgus.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot and Ankle Ortopaedics4: \n\t\t\t\t\t1,\n\t\t\t\t\t2019."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b17","series-title":"Surgery of the Foot and Ankle","first-page":"183","volume":"1","author":"Coughlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coughlin\n MJ\n \n \n Mann\n RA\n \n \n Saltzman\n CL:\n \n \n \n Surgery of the Foot and Ankle\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\tVol1,\n\t\t\t\t\tp183,\n\t\t\t\t\t8th ed,Mosby Elsevier,\n\t\t\t\t\tPhiladelphia,\n\t\t\t\t\t2007."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b18","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.155.1.2112832","article-title":"Hallux valgus deformity: preoperative radiologic assessment","volume":"155","author":"Karasick","year":"1990","unstructured":"Karasick\n D\n \n \n Wapner\n KL:\n \n \n Hallux valgus deformity: preoperative radiologic assessment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAJR Am J Roentgenol155: \n\t\t\t\t\t119,\n\t\t\t\t\t1990.\n\t\t\t\t211283210.2214\/ajr.155.1.2112832"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b19","series-title":"J. 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Bone Joint Surg Br73: \n\t\t\t\t\t937,\n\t\t\t\t\t1991.\n\t\t\t\t1955440"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b21","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500803","article-title":"The Lapidus procedure: a prospective cohort outcome study","volume":"25","author":"Coetzee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coetzee\n JC\n \n \n Wickum\n D:\n \n \n The Lapidus procedure: a prospective cohort outcome study.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int25: \n\t\t\t\t\t526,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t1536337210.1177\/107110070402500803"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b22","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(03)70020-9","article-title":"A comparison between the Regnauld arthroplasty and osteotomies of the first ray for the treatment of hallux valgus","volume":"42","author":"Daghino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daghino\n W\n \n \n Milano\n L\n \n \n Ronco\n S:\n \n \n A comparison between the Regnauld arthroplasty and osteotomies of the first ray for the treatment of hallux valgus.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg42: \n\t\t\t\t\t155,\n\t\t\t\t\t2003.\n\t\t\t\t1281558410.1016\/S1067-2516(03)70020-9"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b23","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400110","article-title":"Anchor enhanced capsulorraphy in bunionectomies using an L-shaped capsulotomy","volume":"24","author":"Gould","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gould\n JS\n \n \n Ali\n S\n \n \n Fowler\n R\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Anchor enhanced capsulorraphy in bunionectomies using an L-shaped capsulotomy.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int24: \n\t\t\t\t\t61,\n\t\t\t\t\t2003.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/10711007030240011012540084"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b24","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(03)70005-2","article-title":"First metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis and Reverdin-Laird osteotomy for treatment of hallux valgus: an intermediate-term retrospective outcomes study","volume":"42","author":"Lombardi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lombardi\n CM\n \n \n Silhanek\n AD\n \n \n Connolly\n FG\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n First metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis and Reverdin-Laird osteotomy for treatment of hallux valgus: an intermediate-term retrospective outcomes study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg42: \n\t\t\t\t\t77,\n\t\t\t\t\t2003.\n\t\t\t\t1270107510.1016\/S1067-2516(03)70005-2"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b25","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300903","article-title":"Biplanar chevron osteotomy","volume":"23","author":"Nery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nery\n C\n \n \n Barroco\n R\n \n \n Ressio\n C:\n \n \n Biplanar chevron osteotomy.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int23: \n\t\t\t\t\t792,\n\t\t\t\t\t2002.\n\t\t\t\t1235617410.1177\/107110070202300903"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b26","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.07.007","article-title":"Lapidus arthrodesis for management of hallux valgus \u2013 a retrospective review of 106 cases","volume":"43","author":"Rink-Br\u00fcne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rink-Br\u00fcne\n O:\n \n \n Lapidus arthrodesis for management of hallux valgus \u2013 a retrospective review of 106 cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg43: \n\t\t\t\t\t290,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t1548040310.1053\/j.jfas.2004.07.007"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b27","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Chevron osteotomy in hallux valgus. Ten-year results of 112 cases","volume":"86","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schneider\n W\n \n \n Aigner\n N\n \n \n Pinggera\n O\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Chevron osteotomy in hallux valgus. Ten-year results of 112 cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg86: \n\t\t\t\t\t1016,\n\t\t\t\t\t2004."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b28","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200503","article-title":"Mann Award. The reliability of angular measurements in hallux valgus deformities","volume":"22","author":"Coughlin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Coughlin\n MJ\n \n \n Freund\n E:\n \n \n Roger\n A.\n \n \n Mann Award. The reliability of angular measurements in hallux valgus deformities.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int22: \n\t\t\t\t\t369,\n\t\t\t\t\t2001.\n\t\t\t\t1142875410.1177\/107110070102200503"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b29","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2368-6","article-title":"Reliability and relationship of radiographic measurements in hallux valgus","volume":"470","author":"Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee\n KM\n \n \n Ahn\n S\n \n \n Chung\n CY\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Reliability and relationship of radiographic measurements in hallux valgus.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Orthop Relat Res470: \n\t\t\t\t\t2613,\n\t\t\t\t\t2012.\n\t\t\t\t2254466710.1007\/s11999-012-2368-6"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b30","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.11.032","article-title":"Intra- and interobserver agreement in hallux valgus angle measurements on weightbearing and non-weightbearing radiographs","volume":"58","author":"van der Woude","year":"2019","unstructured":"van der Woude\n P\n \n \n Keizer\n SB\n \n \n Wever-Korevaar\n M\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Intra- and interobserver agreement in hallux valgus angle measurements on weightbearing and non-weightbearing radiographs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg58: \n\t\t\t\t\t706,\n\t\t\t\t\t2019.\n\t\t\t\t10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.11.03231256898"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b31","series-title":"J Korean Orthop Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.4055\/jkoa.2005.40.5.549","article-title":"Dilemma in severity classification of incongrent hallux valgus deformity using radiological measurements","volume":"40","author":"Sung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sung\n H\n \n \n Lee\n KT\n \n \n Young\n KW\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Dilemma in severity classification of incongrent hallux valgus deformity using radiological measurements.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Korean Orthop Assoc40: \n\t\t\t\t\t549,\n\t\t\t\t\t2005.\n\t\t\t\t10.4055\/jkoa.2005.40.5.549"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b32","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"494","article-title":"The prevalence of hallux valgus and its association with foot pain and function in a rural Korean community","volume":"91","author":"Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho\n NH\n \n \n Kim\n S\n \n \n Kwon\n DJ\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n The prevalence of hallux valgus and its association with foot pain and function in a rural Korean community.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Br91: \n\t\t\t\t\t494,\n\t\t\t\t\t2009."},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b33","series-title":"EFORT Open Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000005","article-title":"Treatment of hallux valgus deformity","volume":"1","author":"Fraissler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fraissler\n L\n \n \n Konrads\n C\n \n \n Hoberg\n M\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Treatment of hallux valgus deformity.\n\t\t\t\t\tEFORT Open Rev1: \n\t\t\t\t\t295,\n\t\t\t\t\t2016.\n\t\t\t\t10.1302\/2058-5241.1.00000528660074"},{"key":"i8750-7315-110-6-Article_24-b34","series-title":"Med Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2013.10.007","article-title":"Hallux valgus","volume":"98","author":"Hecht","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hecht\n PJ\n \n \n Lin\n TJ:\n \n \n Hallux valgus.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Clin North Am98: \n\t\t\t\t\t227,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t2455987110.1016\/j.mcna.2013.10.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/110\/6\/i8750-7315-110-6-article_24.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.7547\/20-015\/2698466\/i8750-7315-110-6-article_24.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/110\/6\/i8750-7315-110-6-article_24.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/110\/6\/i8750-7315-110-6-article_24.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:18:07Z","timestamp":1783505887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/110\/6\/20015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/20-015","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}