{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:39:01Z","timestamp":1792507141673,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket is a rare ossification disorder of the short tubular bones. The affected bone becomes deformed as a result of the bracket. The normal growth pattern cannot occur, and when it affects the first metatarsal bone, hallux varus may develop with the abnormal growth pattern. We present such a 6-year-old patient who had undergone surgery at 6 months of age for hallux varus and polydactyly. The deformity had worsened gradually after the initial operation because of the overlooked longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the epiphyseal bracket, with corrective medial open wedge osteotomy and split transfer of the extensor hallucis longus tendon. The result was excellent at the 20-month follow-up. At an early age, patients who present with hallux varus must be checked for the epiphyseal bracket, which can be invisible on radiographs because of the chondral structure. Untreated or overlooked patients with epiphyseal bracket will need revision operations for recurrent deformities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/20-021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T01:47:18Z","timestamp":1618883238000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket as an Overlooked Etiology of Congenital-Residual Hallux Varus: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Bar\u0131\u015f","family":"Kad\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melih","family":"G\u00fcven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Budak","family":"Akman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam\u0131k K.","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b01","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.08.015","article-title":"Treatment of longitudinal epiphyseal bracket by excision and polymethylmethacrylate insertion at the preossified disease stage","volume":"54","author":"Bor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bor\n              N\n            \n            \n              Rozen\n              N\n            \n            \n              Rubin\n              G:\n            \n          \n          Treatment of longitudinal epiphyseal bracket by excision and polymethylmethacrylate insertion at the preossified disease stage.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg54: 1136,\n\t\t\t\t\t2015.\n\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000363825900028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1053\/j.jfas.2014.08.015"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b02","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"147","article-title":"Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: associated foot deformities with implications for treatment","volume":"86","author":"Sobel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sobel\n              E\n            \n            \n              Levitz\n              S\n            \n            \n              Cohen\n              R\n            \n            :\n          \n          Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: associated foot deformities with implications for treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJAPMA86: 147,\n\t\t\t\t\t1996."},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b03","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199301000-00002","article-title":"Metatarsal epiphyseal bracket: treatment by central physiolysis","volume":"13","author":"Mubarak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mubarak\n              SJ\n            \n            \n              O'Brien\n              TJ\n            \n            \n              Davids\n              JR:\n            \n          \n          Metatarsal epiphyseal bracket: treatment by central physiolysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr Orthop13: 5,\n\t\t\t\t\t1993.\n\t\t\t\t841635410.1097\/01241398-199301000-00002"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b04","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198111000-00010","article-title":"The longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: implications for surgical correction","volume":"1","author":"Light","year":"1981","unstructured":"Light\n              TR\n            \n            \n              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1246,\n\t\t\t\t\t2018.\n\t\t\t\t10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.03.049http:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000448340000038&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b06","series-title":"Clin Orthop Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2014.6.2.216","article-title":"Surgical treatment of congenital hallux varus","volume":"6","author":"Shim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shim\n              JS\n            \n            \n              Lim\n              TK\n            \n            \n              Koh\n              KH\n            \n            :\n          \n          Surgical treatment of congenital hallux varus.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Orthop Surg6: 216,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t10.4055\/cios.2014.6.2.21624900905"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b07","series-title":"J Child Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-013-0544-1","article-title":"Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket","volume":"7","author":"Choo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choo\n              AD\n            \n            \n              Mubarak\n              SJ:\n            \n          \n          Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Child Orthop7: 449,\n\t\t\t\t\t2013.\n\t\t\t\t10.1007\/s11832-013-0544-124432108"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b08","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300510","article-title":"Correcting and lengthening of metatarsal deformity with circular fixator by distraction osteotomy: a case of longitudinal epiphyseal bracket","volume":"23","author":"Kucukkaya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kucukkaya\n              M\n            \n            \n              Kabukcuoglu\n              Y\n            \n            \n              Tezer\n              M\n            \n            :\n          \n          Correcting and lengthening of metatarsal deformity with circular fixator by distraction osteotomy: a case of longitudinal epiphyseal bracket.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int23: 427,\n\t\t\t\t\t2002.\n\t\t\t\t1204398810.1177\/107110070202300510"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b09","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"226","article-title":"Delta phalanx","volume":"46","author":"Jones","year":"1964","unstructured":"Jones\n              GB:\n            \n          \n          Delta phalanx.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Br46: 226,\n\t\t\t\t\t1964.\n\t\t\t\t14167628"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b10","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200105000-00019","article-title":"Preossified longitudinal epiphyseal bracket of the foot: treatment by partial bracket excision before ossification","volume":"21","author":"Shea","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shea\n              KG\n            \n            \n              Mubarak\n              SJ\n            \n            \n              Alamin\n              T:\n            \n          \n          Preossified longitudinal epiphyseal bracket of the foot: treatment by partial bracket excision before ossification.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr Orthop21: 360,\n\t\t\t\t\t2001.\n\t\t\t\t10.1097\/01241398-200105000-0001911371821"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b11","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198507000-00012","article-title":"Polydactyly of the foot","volume":"5","author":"Phelps","year":"1985","unstructured":"Phelps\n              DA\n            \n            \n              Grogan\n              DP:\n            \n          \n          Polydactyly of the foot.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pediatr Orthop5: 446,\n\t\t\t\t\t1985.\n\t\t\t\t10.1097\/01241398-198507000-000124019759"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b12","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.05.001","article-title":"Pediatric longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: review and case presentation","volume":"45","author":"Schreck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schreck\n              MA:\n            \n          \n          Pediatric longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: review and case presentation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Foot Ankle Surg45: 342,\n\t\t\t\t\t2006.\n\t\t\t\t10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.05.00116949533"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b13","series-title":"J Hand Surg Br","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(87)90184-7","article-title":"Clinodactyly of the little finger: a simple operative technique for reversal of the growth abnormality","volume":"12","author":"Vickers","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vickers\n              D:\n            \n          \n          Clinodactyly of the little finger: a simple operative technique for reversal of the growth abnormality.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Hand Surg Br12: 335,\n\t\t\t\t\t1987.\n\t\t\t\t10.1016\/0266-7681(87)90184-7"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b14","series-title":"Foot Ankle Spec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640013502724","article-title":"Longitudinal bracketed epiphysis of proximal phalanx of the great toe with congenital hallux varus managed simultaneously with monorail external fixator: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verma\n              V\n            \n            \n              Batra\n              A\n            \n            \n              Singla\n              R\n            \n            :\n          \n          Longitudinal bracketed epiphysis of proximal phalanx of the great toe with congenital hallux varus managed simultaneously with monorail external fixator: a case report.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Spec7: 68,\n\t\t\t\t\t2014.\n\t\t\t\t10.1177\/193864001350272424026085"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b15","series-title":"Clin Orthop","first-page":"109","article-title":"Hallux varus and metatarsus varus: a five year study (1954-1958)","volume":"16","author":"Thomson","year":"1960","unstructured":"Thomson\n              SA:\n            \n          \n          Hallux varus and metatarsus varus: a five year study (1954-1958).\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Orthop16: 109,\n\t\t\t\t\t1960.\n\t\t\t\t13838161"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b16","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"437","article-title":"Hallux varus","volume":"71","author":"Mills","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mills\n              JA\n            \n            \n              Menelaus\n              MB:\n            \n          \n          Hallux varus.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Br71: 437,\n\t\t\t\t\t1989.\n\t\t\t\t2722937"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b17","series-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2015.06.008","article-title":"Jr: Tendon transfers and salvaging options for hallux varus deformities","volume":"33","author":"Gradisek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gradisek\n              BP\n            \n            \n              Weil\n              L\n            \n          \n          Jr: Tendon transfers and salvaging options for hallux varus deformities.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Podiatr Med Surg33: 85,\n\t\t\t\t\t2016.\n\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/gateway.webofknowledge.com\/gateway\/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000366793600011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f310.1016\/j.cpm.2015.06.008"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b18","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00005","article-title":"Extensor hallucis longus transfer for hallux varus deformity","volume":"66","author":"Johnson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Johnson\n              KA\n            \n            \n              Spiegl\n              PV:\n            \n          \n          Extensor hallucis longus transfer for hallux varus deformity.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Bone Joint Surg Am66: 681,\n\t\t\t\t\t1984.\n\t\t\t\t10.2106\/00004623-198466050-000056725316"},{"key":"i8750-7315-111-2-Article_16-b19","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202301212","article-title":"Modified split extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer for correction of hallux varus","volume":"23","author":"Lau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lau\n              JT\n            \n            \n              Myerson\n              MS:\n            \n          \n          Modified split extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer for correction of hallux varus.\n\t\t\t\t\tFoot Ankle Int23: 1138,\n\t\t\t\t\t20021250380810.1177\/107110070202301212"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical 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