{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:55Z","timestamp":1783509295913,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Arch pain in athletes is a common complaint with many causes. One uncommon cause of arch pain related to exercise that is often overlooked is chronic exertional compartment syndrome. This diagnosis should be considered in athletes who presents with exercise-induced foot pain. Recognition of this problem is paramount because it can significantly affect an athlete\u2019s ability to pursue further sports activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Three case studies are presented that underscore the importance of a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Unique historical information and findings on focused physical examination after exercise strongly suggest the diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Intracompartment pressure measurements before and after exercise are confirmatory. Because nonsurgical care is typically palliative, surgery involving fasciotomy to decompress involved compartments can be curative and is described in this article.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These three cases with long-term follow-up were randomly chosen and are representative of the authors\u2019 combined experience with chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/21-156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T09:55:03Z","timestamp":1683021303000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Foot: A Report of 3 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Bouch\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Clinic at Northwest Outpatient Medical Center, Seattle, WA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Seidenstricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Orthopedic Associates, Albuquerque, NM."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron G.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benefis Foot and Ankle Clinic of Montana, Great Falls, MT."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amol","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"8","article-title":"Compartmental syndrome: a unified concept","volume":"113","author":"Matsen FA III","year":"1975","unstructured":"Matsen FA III: Compartmental syndrome: a unified concept. Clin Orthop Relat Res 113: 8, 1975."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"632","article-title":"Compartment syndrome of the foot: an evidence based review","volume":"58","author":"Lutter C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lutter C, Schoffl V, Hotfiel T, : Compartment syndrome of the foot: an evidence based review. J Foot Ankle Surg 58: 632, 2018."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"633","article-title":"Chronic compartment syndrome of the leg","volume":"80","author":"Bouch\u00e9 RT","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bouch\u00e9 RT: Chronic compartment syndrome of the leg. JAPMA 80: 633, 1990. doi: 10.7547\/87507315-80-12-633."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"178","article-title":"Chronic compartment syndrome of both feet","volume":"73","author":"Lokiec F","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lokiec F, Seiv-Ner I, Pritsch M: Chronic compartment syndrome of both feet. J Bone Joint Surg Br 73: 178, 1991.1991764"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"91","article-title":"Chronic compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report","volume":"84","author":"Seiler R","year":"1994","unstructured":"Seiler R, Guziec G: Chronic compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report. JAPMA 84: 91, 1994. doi: 10.7547\/87507315-84-2-91."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot","first-page":"549","article-title":"Chronic compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report [in French]","volume":"81","author":"Muller GP","year":"1995","unstructured":"Muller GP, Masquelet AC: Chronic compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report [in French]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 81: 549, 1995.8560026"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"21","article-title":"Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report","volume":"88","author":"Mollica MB","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mollica MB: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report. JAPMA 88: 21, 1998."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"838","article-title":"Chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the medial compartment of the foot","volume":"29","author":"Jowett A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jowett A, Birks C, Blackney M: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the medial compartment of the foot. Foot Ankle Int 29: 838, 2008.18752784"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"417","article-title":"Exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot compartment: diagnosis and treatment: a case report","volume":"104","author":"Izadi FE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Izadi FE, Richie DH Jr: Exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot compartment: diagnosis and treatment: a case report. JAPMA 104: 417, 2014."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)","first-page":"2309499019839647","article-title":"Bilateral simultaneous chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the lateral forefoot: a case report","volume":"27","author":"Vilatte G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vilatte G, Fadlallah E, Erivan R, : Bilateral simultaneous chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the lateral forefoot: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 27: 2309499019839647, 2019."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev","first-page":"198","article-title":"Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot","volume":"17","author":"Padhiar N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Padhiar N, Allen M, King JB: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 17: 198, 2009.19680117"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Ann Anat","first-page":"151465","article-title":"Anatomy of foot compartments: a systematic review","volume":"229","author":"Vasquez-Zorrilla D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasquez-Zorrilla D, Millan-Alanis JM, Alvarez-Villalobos NA, : Anatomy of foot compartments: a systematic review. Ann Anat 229: 151465, 2020."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"452","article-title":"Near infrared spectroscopy in the diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Van den Brand JGH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van den Brand JGH, Verleisdonk EJMM, Van der Werken C: Near infrared spectroscopy in the diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Am J Sports Med 32: 452, 2004.14977673"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"699","article-title":"The diagnostic value of intracompartmental pressure measurement, magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy in chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a prospective study in 50 patients","volume":"33","author":"Van den Brand JGH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van den Brand JGH, Verleisdonk EJMM, Nelson T, : The diagnostic value of intracompartmental pressure measurement, magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy in chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a prospective study in 50 patients. Am J Sports Med 33: 699, 2005.15722275"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"584","article-title":"The compartments of the foot: a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study with clinical correlates for needle pressure testing","volume":"28","author":"Reach JS Jr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reach JS Jr, Amrami KK, Felmlee JP, : The compartments of the foot: a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study with clinical correlates for needle pressure testing. Foot Ankle Int 28: 584, 2007.17559766"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Foot Ankle","first-page":"267","article-title":"Fasciotomy of the foot: an anatomical study with special reference to release of calcaneal compartment","volume":"10","author":"Manoli A","year":"1990","unstructured":"Manoli A, Weber TG: Fasciotomy of the foot: an anatomical study with special reference to release of calcaneal compartment. Foot Ankle 10: 267, 1990.2341098"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"521","article-title":"Compartment pressure in the foot: analysis of normal values and measurement technique","volume":"80","author":"Dayton P","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dayton P, Goldman FD, Barton E: Compartment pressure in the foot: analysis of normal values and measurement technique. JAPMA 80: 521, 1990. doi: 10.7547\/87507315-80-10-521."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"35","article-title":"Modified criteria for objective diagnosis of chronic compartment syndrome of the leg","volume":"18","author":"Pedowitz RA","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pedowitz RA, Hargens AR, Mubarak SJ: Modified criteria for objective diagnosis of chronic compartment syndrome of the leg. Am J Sports Med 18: 35, 1990.2301689"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Clin J Sports Med","first-page":"356","article-title":"Systematic review & recommendations for intracompartmental pressure monitoring in diagnosing chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg","volume":"22","author":"Aweid O","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aweid O, Del Buono A, Mailiaras P, : Systematic review & recommendations for intracompartmental pressure monitoring in diagnosing chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg. Clin J Sports Med 22: 356, 2012."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Clin J Sports Med","first-page":"14","article-title":"Treatment of chronic exertional anterior compartment syndrome with massage: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Blackman PG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blackman PG, Simmons LR, Crossley KM: Treatment of chronic exertional anterior compartment syndrome with massage: a pilot study. Clin J Sports Med 8: 14, 1998."},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"1160","article-title":"A non-operative approach to the management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in a triathlete: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Collins CK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collins CK, Gilden BG: A non-operative approach to the management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in a triathlete: a case report. Int J Sports Phys Ther 11: 1160, 2016. 27999729"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"2558","article-title":"Intramuscular pressure before and after botulinum toxin in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg: a preliminary study","volume":"41","author":"Isner-Horobeti ME","year":"2013","unstructured":"Isner-Horobeti ME, Pascal Dufor S, Blaes C, : Intramuscular pressure before and after botulinum toxin in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg: a preliminary study. Am J Sports Med 41: 2558, 2013.23969633"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"312","article-title":"Effects of forefoot running on chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a case series","volume":"6","author":"Diebal AR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diebal AR, Gregory R, Alitz C, : Effects of forefoot running on chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a case series. Int J Sports Phys Ther 6: 312, 2011. 2216309322163093"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Forefoot running improves pain and disability associated with chronic exertional compartment syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Diebal AR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diebal AR, Gregory R, Alitz C, : Forefoot running improves pain and disability associated with chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Am J Sports Med 40: 1060, 2012.22427621"},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg","first-page":"143","article-title":"Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot","volume":"38","author":"Ray RG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray RG: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 38: 143, 2021.33745648"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/113\/2\/21-156.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/113\/2\/21-156.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/113\/2\/21-156.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:19:10Z","timestamp":1783505950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/113\/2\/21156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/21-156","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}