{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:01Z","timestamp":1783509301511,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cryotherapy reduces pain by making some reversible functional changes in peripheral nerves. It has also been reported to have a positive effect on the regression of inflammation and granulation tissue. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of nail fold cryotherapy in ingrown toenails (IGTN) in adults, and there are no studies in the pediatric population. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of cryotherapy applied to the nail fold in juvenile IGTN.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study was conducted in adolescent patients aged 12 to 16 years with unilateral juvenile IGTN. Liquid nitrogen was sprayed into the nail fold for 10 to 15 seconds with a double freeze-thaw cycle. The effectiveness of cryotherapy was interpreted by the clinician\u2019s decision, the improvement in visual analogue scale score, Children\u2019s Dermatology Life Quality Index score, and granulation tissue.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    According to the physician, good efficacy was achieved in 91.7% of patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22 of 24). We found that 54.5% of them (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12 of 22) were still in remission after 6 months. Rates of complete regression in granulation tissue were pronouncedly less in sizes larger than 5 mm (\u22645 mm, 55.6%; &gt;5 mm, 16.7%). However, adequate symptomatic relief was observed in 83.3% of stage 3 patients, even if complete granulation tissue response was not achieved yet. Significant improvements in visual analogue scale and the Children\u2019s Dermatology Life Quality Index scores were observed after cryotherapy (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Nail fold cryotherapy is a useful alternative among conservative methods because of its rapid and high efficiency (91.7%), especially in mild to moderate cases, despite the high recurrence rates (45.5%) in juvenile IGTN.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/21-177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1709555437000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Ingrown Toenails Treated with Nail Fold Cryotherapy in Adolescent Patients: An Observational Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131","family":"Turan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Health Application and Research Center, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurcan","family":"Metin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Republic of Turkey, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"45","article-title":"Risk factors in onychocryptosis","volume":"76","author":"Langford DT","year":"1989","unstructured":"Langford DT, Burke C, Robertson K: Risk factors in onychocryptosis. Br J Surg 76: 45, 1989."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)","first-page":"109","article-title":"Onychocryptosis in the pediatric patient","volume":"56","author":"Ezekian B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ezekian B, Englum BR, Gilmore BF, et al: Onychocryptosis in the pediatric patient. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 56: 109, 2017."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Dermatol Online J","first-page":"13030\/qt9985w2n0","article-title":"Review of onychocryptosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Geizhals S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geizhals S, Lipner SR: Review of onychocryptosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Online J 25: 13030\/qt9985w2n0, 2019."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","first-page":"279","article-title":"Ingrown toenails","volume":"78","author":"Khunger N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khunger N, Kandhari R: Ingrown toenails. 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