{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:48Z","timestamp":1783509288988,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Digital deformities represent a common presenting abnormality and target for surgical intervention in podiatric medicine and surgery. The objective of this investigation was to compare the radiographic width of the heads of the lesser digit proximal phalanges.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    One hundred fifty consecutive feet with a diagnosis of digital deformity and performance of weightbearing radiographs were analyzed. The maximum width of the heads of the lesser digit proximal phalanges were recorded from the radiographs using computerized digital software.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean \u00b1 standard deviation of the head of the second digit proximal phalanx was 9.74 \u00b1 0.87 mm (range, 7.94\u201311.78 mm); the head of the third digit proximal phalanx, 9.00 \u00b1 0.91 mm (range,7.27\u201310.94 mm); the head of the fourth digit proximal phalanx, 8.49 \u00b1 1.01 mm (range, 5.57\u201310.73 mm); and the head of the fifth digit proximal phalanx, 8.67 \u00b1 0.89 mm (range, 6.50\u201311.75 mm). The width of the head of the proximal phalanx decreased from the second digit to the third digit (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001), decreased from the third digit to the fourth digit (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001), and then increased from the fourth digit to the fifth digit (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .032).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of this investigation provide evidence in support of an anatomical and structural contribution to digital deformities. The width of the heads of the lesser digit proximal phalanges decreased from the second to the third to the fourth toes, and then subsequently increased with the fifth proximal phalangeal head.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/21-211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T11:22:22Z","timestamp":1660044142000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Radiographic Analysis of the Width of the Lesser Digit Proximal Phalangeal Heads"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Kushkaran","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asher","family":"Cherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Meyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Disorders of the Foot and Ankle: Medical and Surgical Management","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Lesser Toe Deformities","author":"Mann RA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mann RA, Coughlin MJ: \u201cLesser Toe Deformities,\u201d in Disorders of the Foot and Ankle: Medical and Surgical Management, 2nd Ed, edited by MH Jahss, p 1205, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1991."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Surgery of the Foot and Ankle","first-page":"363","article-title":"Lesser Toe Deformities","author":"Coughlin MJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coughlin MJ: \u201cLesser Toe Deformities,\u201d in Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, 8th Ed, edited by MJ Coughlin, RA Mann, CL Saltzman, p 363, Mosby, Philadelphia, 2007."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Foot Ankle","first-page":"94","article-title":"Operative repair of the fixed hammertoe deformity","volume":"21","author":"Coughlin MJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coughlin MJ, Dorris J, Polk E: Operative repair of the fixed hammertoe deformity. 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