{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:14Z","timestamp":1783509314628,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Digital and ray amputations are common surgical treatments for infected bone and traumatic injuries in the foot. When disarticulated, the exposed articular cartilage can be addressed by either leaving the cartilage cap as a \u201cprotective barrier\u201d to infection or by remodeling the exposed bone, removing the cartilage to bleeding bone to better fight infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our objective is to provide the first study in the foot to determine whether leaving exposed articular cartilage after toe amputation results in more returns to surgery and delayed healing. We performed a review of the electronic database of patients who had undergone toe amputation and\/or metatarsal head amputation with the inclusion criteria of Current Procedural Terminology codes 28825, 28820, and 28810. Excluded patients were those who had multiple osteomyelitic bones or more than one-digit amputations because of the difficulty of controlling the extent of infection. Sixty-three procedures were included in the study (group 1, n = 47; group, n = 216).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The time to healing between group 1 (44.0 \u00b1 40.6 days) and group 2 (51.7 \u00b1 48.0 days) was not statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    test, 0.54392), with reinfection rate being low in both group 1 (8.51%) and group 2 (6.25%).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our study showed a low reinfection rate in both groups (8.51% vs 6.25%). Age, A1\n                    <jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and BMI were also similar between both groups. The PAD difference (55.3% vs 81.3%) could have contributed to the time to heal (44.0 vs 51.7 days) but not to infection rate between both groups. Tobacco use did not seem to affect time to heal or infection rate between both groups. From our results, there doesn\u2019t seem to be a difference in infection rates between each group.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/22-003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T13:32:17Z","timestamp":1694525537000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Articular Cartilage After Toe Amputation\u2014Protective Barrier or Source of Infection?: A Retrospective Chart Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Pirozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl T. Hayden Veterans\u2019 Administration Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahab","family":"Danesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl T. Hayden Veterans\u2019 Administration Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Kandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl T. Hayden Veterans\u2019 Administration Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"524","article-title":"Transarticular joint amputations: the value of preserving articular cartilage","volume":"14","author":"Graham WP III","year":"1973","unstructured":"Graham WP III, Pataky PE, Whitaker LA, : Transarticular joint amputations: the value of preserving articular cartilage. J Surg Res 14: 524, 1973."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Sports Physiotherapy: Applied Science and Practice","article-title":"\u201cPhysiological Responses to Injury: Synovial Joint Structures,\u201d","author":"Handley CJ","year":"1995","unstructured":"Handley CJ. \u201cPhysiological Responses to Injury: Synovial Joint Structures,\u201d in Sports Physiotherapy: Applied Science and Practice, edited by M Zuluaga, Churchill Livingstone, London, 1995."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Eplasty","first-page":"e12","article-title":"Surgical amputation of the digit: an investigation into the technical variations among hand surgeons","volume":"13","author":"Li A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li A, Meunier M, Rennekampff HO, : Surgical amputation of the digit: an investigation into the technical variations among hand surgeons. Eplasty 13: e12, 2013."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Bone Res","first-page":"203","article-title":"The key role of the blood supply to bone","volume":"1","author":"Marenzana M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marenzana M, Arnett TR: The key role of the blood supply to bone. Bone Res 1: 203, 2013."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"536","article-title":"Influence of cyclic loading on the nutrition of articular cartilage","volume":"49","author":"O\u2019Hara BP","year":"1990","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara BP, Urban JP, Maroudas A: Influence of cyclic loading on the nutrition of articular cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 49: 536, 1990."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Stem Cells Int","first-page":"5046953","article-title":"Structure and functions of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone","volume":"2017","author":"Ramasamy SK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramasamy SK: Structure and functions of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone. Stem Cells Int 2017: 5046953, 2017."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"461","article-title":"The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function","volume":"1","author":"Sophia Fox AJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sophia Fox AJ, Bedi A, Rodeo SA: The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function. Sports Health 1: 461, 2009."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"542","article-title":"Retaining the articular cartilage in finger joint amputations","volume":"49","author":"Whitaker LA","year":"1972","unstructured":"Whitaker LA, Graham WP, Riser WH, : Retaining the articular cartilage in finger joint amputations. Plast Reconstr Surg 49: 542, 1972."},{"key":"B9","article-title":"VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA HSR RES 13-457","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA HSR RES 13-457. Available at: https:\/\/vaww.VINCI.med.va.gov. Accessed July 17, 2020."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/113\/4\/22-003.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/113\/4\/22-003.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/113\/4\/22-003.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:19:20Z","timestamp":1783505960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/113\/4\/22003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/22-003","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}}}