{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:53:23Z","timestamp":1790013203903,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Surgical treatment for Freiberg disease (also known as avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head) has not been completely defined. This retrospective study evaluated short-term outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of Freiberg disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    From 2015 to 2019, 13 patients (15 feet) diagnosed as having Freiberg disease were enrolled for arthroscopic surgery. Feet were divided based on the Smillie classification system (two with stage I, eight with stage II, three with stage III, one with stage IV, and one with stage V). Arthroscopic interventions, including synovectomy, debridement, chondroplasty, microfracture, and loose body removal, were performed without considering the Smillie classification stage. Radiologic outcomes were evaluated by radiography (preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively) and magnetic resonance imaging (preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP)\u2013interphalangeal score and the visual analog scale (VAS) score. The MTP joint range of motion was measured using a goniometer preoperatively and postoperatively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Radiologic studies showed no evidence of osteonecrosis progression in postoperative 12-month radiographs of any patients. Postoperative 12-month magnetic resonance images showed reduction of bone marrow edema, irregularity of subchondral bone, and cartilage defects in all patients. Significant improvements in AOFAS and VAS scores occurred at all postoperative time points compared with preoperative scores (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .001). The MTP joint range of motion also showed improvement at last follow-up (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Arthroscopic surgery for Freiberg disease showed excellent clinical outcomes, MTP joint range of motion, and short-term outcomes regardless of stage (Smillie classification) in radiologic evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/22-025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T08:39:12Z","timestamp":1721983152000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short-Term Outcomes of Arthroscopic Treatment of Freiberg Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jong-Kil","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeon Orthopaedic Clinic, Jeonju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Sung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2013Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-ill","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2013Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University\u2013Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Proc R Soc Med","first-page":"29","article-title":"Treatment of Freiberg's infraction","volume":"60","author":"Smillie IS","year":"1967","unstructured":"Smillie IS: Treatment of Freiberg's infraction. Proc R Soc Med 60: 29, 1967."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"381","article-title":"Surgical treatment of Freiberg's infraction in athletes","volume":"21","author":"Sproul J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sproul J, Klaaren H, Mannarino F: Surgical treatment of Freiberg's infraction in athletes. Am J Sports Med 21: 381, 1993."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"807","article-title":"Treatment of late-stage Freiburg's disease using a temporary metal interpositional device","volume":"92","author":"Sansone V","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sansone V, Morandi A, Dupplicato P, et al: Treatment of late-stage Freiburg's disease using a temporary metal interpositional device. J Bone Joint Surg Br 92: 807, 2010."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Foot Ankle Clin","first-page":"647","article-title":"Freiberg's disease","volume":"16","author":"Cerrato RA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cerrato RA: Freiberg's disease. 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JAPMA 103: 185, 2013."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"457","article-title":"Joint debridement and microfracture for treatment late-stage Freiberg-Kohler's disease: long-term follow-up study","volume":"25","author":"Viladot A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viladot A, Sodano L, Marcellini L: Joint debridement and microfracture for treatment late-stage Freiberg-Kohler's disease: long-term follow-up study. Foot Ankle Surg 25: 457, 2019."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Arthrosc Tech","first-page":"e1289","article-title":"Arthroscopic dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy of metatarsal head for management of Freiberg infraction","volume":"8","author":"Lui TH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lui TH, Fan AKH: Arthroscopic dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy of metatarsal head for management of Freiberg infraction. Arthrosc Tech 8: e1289, 2019."},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg","first-page":"551","article-title":"Small joint arthroscopy of the foot","volume":"28","author":"Derner R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Derner R, Naldo J: Small joint arthroscopy of the foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 28: 551, 2011."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/114\/3\/22-025.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/114\/3\/22-025.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/114\/3\/22-025.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:19:41Z","timestamp":1783505981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/114\/3\/22025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/22-025","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}