{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:00Z","timestamp":1783509300539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Opioid treatment agreements<\/jats:italic>\n                    are written agreements between physicians and patients that represent strategies enumerating the risks associated with opioid medications. These opioid treatment agreements set expectations and obligations, as well as identify responsibilities for both patient and prescriber for opioid therapy. Some critics assert that these agreements are cumbersome and degrade the patient once they enter into these agreements. A systemic literature search and review using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) tool was used to find citations describing opioid treatment agreements and their use. Then eligible and appropriate citations were dissected and analyzed. Using the available federal and state opioid prescribing policies, best practice guidelines as well as positive aspects of reviewed literature citations and avoiding bias, degrading, or macroaggression language, a non-cumbersome opioid treatment agreement specific to podiatric medicine was created. A balance argument for the use of opioid treatment agreements to avoid opioid use disorder that is grounded in clinical literature and commentaries are presented. A one-page sensible opioid treatment agreement specific to podiatric medicine, which is similar to more complex cumbersome ones that are found in the literature, and that may be used as part of any podiatric procedural or surgical inform consent, was created and is presented for review. The perception of defending opioid treatment agreements as documents of disclosure to assist patients in their autonomy was offered. Building on the systemic review findings and concept of using elements of disclosure, a model for an analgesic treatment as a one-page informational document to enhance podiatric physicians to create a specific individual analgesic treatment agreement mirroring the scope of podiatric practices that can be incorporated into procedural and surgical inform consent documents was offered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/22-106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T13:43:18Z","timestamp":1689601398000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Appraisal of Opioid Treatment Agreements for the Podiatric Physician"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Studying Opioid Harm 501.3c, 723 Lucerne Cir, Ormond Beach, FL 32174."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Back, Lower Limb, and Upper Limb Pain Among U.S. Adults, 2019","author":"Lucas JW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucas JW, Connor EM, Bose J: Back, Lower Limb, and Upper Limb Pain Among U.S. Adults, 2019, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, 2021. 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JAPMA 3: 20, 2021."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Res","first-page":"27","article-title":"Acute postoperative pain management protocols in podiatric surgery within Australia: a Delphi study","volume":"15","author":"Ang PPJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ang PPJ, Hugo B, Silvester R: Acute postoperative pain management protocols in podiatric surgery within Australia: a Delphi study. J Foot Ankle Res 15: 27, 2022."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Foot Ankle Q","first-page":"143","article-title":"Using clinical-based evidence as the sextant to prescribe and navigate through the opioid crisis: opioid crisis management","volume":"29","author":"Smith RG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith RG: Using clinical-based evidence as the sextant to prescribe and navigate through the opioid crisis: opioid crisis management. Foot Ankle Q 29: 143, 2018."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Podiatry Management","first-page":"131","article-title":"The podiatric physician\u2019s guide to prescribing opioids","volume":"39","author":"Smith RG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith RG: The podiatric physician\u2019s guide to prescribing opioids. Podiatry Management 39: 131, 2020."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Podiatry Management","first-page":"105","article-title":"Mitigating the opioid crisis for the podiatric physician: remembering the morphine acronym","volume":"39","author":"Smith RG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith RG: Mitigating the opioid crisis for the podiatric physician: remembering the morphine acronym. 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J Law Med 10: 145, 2002."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"993","article-title":"Informed consent: it's more than a signature on a piece of paper","volume":"214","author":"Cocanour CS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cocanour CS: Informed consent: it's more than a signature on a piece of paper. Am J Surg 214: 993, 2017."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Cleve Clin J Med","first-page":"827","article-title":"Breaking the pain contract: a better controlled-substance agreement for patients on chronic opioid therapy","volume":"83","author":"Tobin DG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tobin DG, Keough Forte K, Johnson McGee: Breaking the pain contract: a better controlled-substance agreement for patients on chronic opioid therapy. Cleve Clin J Med 83: 827, 2016."},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Are opioid contracts helpful or harmful?","author":"Harris SM","unstructured":"Harris SM: Are opioid contracts helpful or harmful? ENTtoday. 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