{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:14:57Z","timestamp":1783509297290,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Musculoskeletal infections are common among people who inject drugs. Little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of skin and soft-tissue infections in this patient population, especially in the lower extremity. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics, bacterial pathogens, and clinical outcomes in adults with foot infections due to intravenous drug use. Nine patients for whom the podiatric service was consulted for lower-extremity abscess secondary to intravenous drug use were included in this study. Most infections (66.7%) were located on the dorsal foot. Two of the abscesses (22.2%) resulted in amputation, with one toe amputation and one ray amputation. Most infections grew methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) (66.7%). Although our investigation had limitations, we conclude that it is likely people who inject drugs will present with infections due to MRSA and will require surgery to resolve the infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/22-122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T10:11:31Z","timestamp":1737972691000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Shooter\u2019s Abscess: Foot Infections in People Who Inject Drugs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Killeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Dallas, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randi","family":"Heming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Dallas, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Crisologo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Dallas, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Siah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Dallas, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A.","family":"Lavery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Dallas, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Subst Abus","first-page":"105","article-title":"Behavioral characteristics and injection practices associated with skin and soft tissue infections among people who inject drugs: A community-based observational study","volume":"38","author":"Dahlman D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dahlman D, H\u00e5kansson A, Kral AH, et al: Behavioral characteristics and injection practices associated with skin and soft tissue infections among people who inject drugs: A community-based observational study. Subst Abus 38: 105, 2017."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Surgeon","first-page":"13","article-title":"A comparative analysis of the patient characteristics and cost of managing intravenous drug users (IVDU) with soft tissue abscesses with non-IVDU","volume":"14","author":"Chotai N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chotai N, Gallagher K, Kieffer WK, et al: A comparative analysis of the patient characteristics and cost of managing intravenous drug users (IVDU) with soft tissue abscesses with non-IVDU. Surgeon 14: 13, 2016."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Journal of Substance Use","first-page":"350","article-title":"Prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections and its related high-risk behaviors among people who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Moradi-Joo M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moradi-Joo M, Ghiasvand H, Noroozi M, et al: Prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections and its related high-risk behaviors among people who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Use 24: 350, 2019."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"697","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infections in injection drug users","volume":"16","author":"Ebright JR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ebright JR, Pieper B: Skin and soft tissue infections in injection drug users. Infect Dis Clin North Am 16: 697, 2002."},{"key":"B5","article-title":"Drug Overdose Deaths: Facts and Figures","unstructured":"National Institute of Drug Abuse: Drug Overdose Deaths: Facts and Figures. Available from: https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/research-topics\/trends-statistics\/overdose-death-rates#:\u223c:text=In%202019%2C%20nearly%2050%2C000%20people,died%20from%20opioid%2Dinvolved%20overdoses.&text=The%20misuse%20of%20and%20addiction,as%20social%20and%20economic%20welfare. Accessed December 16, 2024."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"579","article-title":"High prevalence of abscesses and cellulitis among community-recruited injection drug users in San Francisco","volume":"30","author":"Binswanger IA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Kral AH, Blumenthal DJ, et al: High prevalence of abscesses and cellulitis among community-recruited injection drug users in San Francisco. Clin Infect Dis 30: 579, 2000."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend","first-page":"77","article-title":"Physical injecting sites among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia","volume":"62","author":"Darke S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Darke S, Ross J, Kaye S: Physical injecting sites among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 62: 77, 2001."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract","first-page":"58","article-title":"Complications during the treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis","volume":"135","author":"van Asten SAV","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Asten SAV, Mithani M, Peters EJG, et al: Complications during the treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 135: 58, 2018."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open","first-page":"e2116","article-title":"Intravenous drug use-related complications of the hand and upper extremity","volume":"7","author":"Pong TM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pong TM, Oflazoglu K, Helliwell LA, et al: Intravenous drug use-related complications of the hand and upper extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 7: e2116, 2019."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Dermatol","first-page":"22","article-title":"Cutaneous complications among i.v. buprenorphine users","volume":"36","author":"Ho RC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ho RC, EC Ho, A Mak: Cutaneous complications among i.v. buprenorphine users. J Dermatol 36: 22, 2009."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"495","article-title":"Soft tissue, bone, and joint infections in people who inject drugs","volume":"34","author":"Saldana CS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saldana CS, DA Vyas, AG Wurcel: Soft tissue, bone, and joint infections in people who inject drugs. Infect Dis Clin North Am 34: 495, 2020."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"S279","article-title":"Bacteriology of skin and soft-tissue infections: comparison of infections in intravenous drug users and individuals with no history of intravenous drug use","volume":"20","author":"Summanen PH","year":"1995","unstructured":"Summanen PH, Talan DA, Strong C, et al: Bacteriology of skin and soft-tissue infections: comparison of infections in intravenous drug users and individuals with no history of intravenous drug use. Clin Infect Dis 20: S279, 1995."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Acad Emerg Med","first-page":"993","article-title":"Microbiology and initial antibiotic therapy for injection drug users and non-injection drug users with cutaneous abscesses in the era of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"22","author":"Jenkins TC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jenkins TC, Knepper BC, Jason Moore S, et al: Microbiology and initial antibiotic therapy for injection drug users and non-injection drug users with cutaneous abscesses in the era of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Acad Emerg Med 22: 993, 2015."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Int J Drug Policy","first-page":"342","article-title":"Why some injection drug users lick their needles: a preliminary survey","volume":"19","author":"Deutscher M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deutscher M, DC Perlman: Why some injection drug users lick their needles: a preliminary survey. Int J Drug Policy 19: 342, 2008."},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"National Health Care for the Homeless Council: Homeless Outreach Medical Services (HOMES). Available at: https:\/\/nhchc.org\/dallas-county-hospital-district-homeless-outreach-medical-services-homes-2\/. Accessed December 23, 2024."},{"key":"B16","series-title":"J Urban Health","first-page":"734","article-title":"Homelessness, Personal hygiene, and MRSA nasal colonization among persons who inject drugs","volume":"96","author":"Leibler JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leibler JH, Liebschutz JM, Keosaian J, et al: Homelessness, Personal hygiene, and MRSA nasal colonization among persons who inject drugs. J Urban Health 96: 734, 2019."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/114\/6\/22-122.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/114\/6\/22-122.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/114\/6\/22-122.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:19:52Z","timestamp":1783505992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/114\/6\/22122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/22-122","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}}}