{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:43:27Z","timestamp":1788281007051,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n The importance of the sesamoid position on first metatarsophalangeal joint alignment has been well established. Among the primary goals of surgical intervention for hallux valgus deformities is restoration of the relationship between the sesamoids and the first metatarsal head. However, the influence of the intraoperative tibial sesamoid position (TSP) on hallux valgus recurrence and postoperative pain has not been well delineated in the literature.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n Fifty patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery by a single surgeon between 2008 and 2020 were analyzed. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs were evaluated, and medical records were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale pain scores.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n Using bivariate analysis, we investigated the influence of TSP on overall recurrence rates and postoperative pain levels. A significant correlation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .10) between TSP and postoperative hallux valgus recurrence was noted, with intraoperative Hardy and Clapham grades 1 to 3 demonstrating a lower likelihood of deformity recurrence. Although a trend toward lower pain scores was noted in patients with a Hardy and Clapham grade of 1 to 3 compared with those with grades 4 and 5, the reduction in pain was not found to be statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n These study results suggest that intraoperative TSPs of 4 or above are a risk factor for recurrence of hallux valgus deformity. Therefore, every effort must be made to obtain the lowest possible TSP to reduce the risk of hallux valgus recurrence.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/22-222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T11:19:05Z","timestamp":1750850345000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Intraoperative Tibial Sesamoid Position on Hallux Valgus Recurrence and Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryanna D.","family":"Vesely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron T.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Klinik der Gelenkkrankheiten mit Einschluss der Orthopaedie","author":"Hueter C","year":"1870","unstructured":"Hueter C: Klinik der Gelenkkrankheiten mit Einschluss der Orthopaedie, Vogel, Leipzig, Germany, 1870."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Med Clin North Am","first-page":"227","article-title":"Hallux valgus","volume":"98","author":"Hecht PJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hecht PJ, Lin TJ: Hallux valgus. Med Clin North Am 98: 227, 2014."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Res","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence of hallux valgus in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Nix S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nix S, Smith M, Vicenzino B: Prevalence of hallux valgus in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res 3: 21, 2010."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"99","article-title":"Effect of various hallux valgus reconstruction on sesamoid location: a radiographic study","volume":"34","author":"Huang EH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang EH, Charlton TP, Ajayi S, et al: Effect of various hallux valgus reconstruction on sesamoid location: a radiographic study. Foot Ankle Int 34: 99, 2013."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Postoperative incomplete reduction of the sesamoids as a risk factor for recurrence of hallux valgus","volume":"91","author":"Okuda R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okuda R, Kinoshita M, Yasuda T, et al: Postoperative incomplete reduction of the sesamoids as a risk factor for recurrence of hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91: 1637, 2009."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Foot Ankle Int","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Tibial sesamoid position influence on functional outcome and satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery","volume":"37","author":"Chen JY","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen JY, Rikhraj K, Gatot C, et al: Tibial sesamoid position influence on functional outcome and satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery. Foot Ankle Int 37: 1178, 2016."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"236","article-title":"Factors associated with early loss of hallux valgus correction","volume":"57","author":"Shibuya N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shibuya N, Kyprios EM, Panchani PN, et al: Factors associated with early loss of hallux valgus correction. J Foot Ankle Surg 57: 236, 2018."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"376","article-title":"Observations on hallux valgus","volume":"33","author":"Hardy RH","year":"1951","unstructured":"Hardy RH, Clapham JC: Observations on hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 33: 376, 1951."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Comparison of tibial sesamoid position on anteroposterior and axial radiographs before and after triplane tarsal metatarsal joint arthrodesis","volume":"56","author":"Dayton P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dayton P, Feilmeier M: Comparison of tibial sesamoid position on anteroposterior and axial radiographs before and after triplane tarsal metatarsal joint arthrodesis. J Foot Ankle Surg 56: 1041, 2017."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Kor Phys Ther","first-page":"381","article-title":"Comparison of sesamoid bone position and hallux valgus angle in weight bearing conditions between subjects with and without hallux valgus","volume":"28","author":"Kim M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim M, Jeon I, Hwang U, et al: Comparison of sesamoid bone position and hallux valgus angle in weight bearing conditions between subjects with and without hallux valgus. J Kor Phys Ther 28: 381, 2016."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"41","article-title":"Osteotomy bunionectomy for hallux valgus","volume":"40","author":"Mitchell CL","year":"1958","unstructured":"Mitchell CL, Fleming JL, Allen R, et al: Osteotomy bunionectomy for hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 40: 41, 1958."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of metatarsal osteotomy and open lateral soft tissue procedure on sesamoid position: radiological assessment","volume":"13","author":"Choi YR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi YR, Lee SJ, Kim JH, et al: Effect of metatarsal osteotomy and open lateral soft tissue procedure on sesamoid position: radiological assessment. J Orthop Surg Res 13: 11, 2018."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Reliability and correlation of the tibial sesamoid position in the transverse and frontal planes, poster presented at the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons National Conference","author":"Johnson A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson A, McDonald AR, Kim KR, et al: Reliability and correlation of the tibial sesamoid position in the transverse and frontal planes, poster presented at the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons National Conference, 2021, Chicago."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/115\/3\/22-222.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/115\/3\/22-222.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/115\/3\/22-222.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:20:08Z","timestamp":1783506008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/115\/3\/22222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/22-222","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}