{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:13:31Z","timestamp":1793124811860,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare type of neoplasm that may be locally aggressive but is most often benign and can be divided into two subtypes: localized and diffuse. It tends to develop in the joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths primarily in the digits of the hand and less commonly in the forefoot. This soft-tissue mass has many possible differential diagnoses, including lipoma, ganglion cyst, plantar fibroma, and various sarcomas; surgical excision is usually indicated to reach a definitive diagnosis and rule out malignancy. We report a rare case of a 30-year-old woman with atypical plantar hallucal pain and a palpable mass on the plantar lateral aspect of the left hallux. Surgical excision and histopathologic evaluation confirmed a TGCT of the left hallucal flexor tendon sheath. Although it bears clinical resemblance to several other soft-tissue masses, TGCT has numerous pathognomonic features evident with advanced imaging and histologic analysis that help the physician obtain an accurate diagnosis and proceed with appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/23-073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T11:28:25Z","timestamp":1725535705000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Atypical Presentation of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor on the Hallucal Flexor Tendon Sheath: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Khurram H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Angstadt is now with St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Allentown, PA. Dr. Chun is now with Kent Hospital, Warwick, RI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laine","family":"Angstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Angstadt is now with St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Allentown, PA. Dr. Chun is now with Kent Hospital, Warwick, RI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WooYoung","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Angstadt is now with St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Allentown, PA. Dr. Chun is now with Kent Hospital, Warwick, RI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen Grace P.","family":"Arriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Arriola is now with Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Dermatol Online J","first-page":"9","article-title":"A child with giant cell tumor of tendon sheath","volume":"17","author":"Ueno T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ueno T, Ansai S, Omi T, et al: A child with giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Dermatol Online J 17: 9, 2011."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Arch Pathol","first-page":"731","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis and tenosynovitis","volume":"31","author":"Jaffe HL","year":"1941","unstructured":"Jaffe HL, Lichtenstein L, Sutro CJ: Pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis and tenosynovitis. Arch Pathol 31: 731, 1941."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Proc National Acad Sci USA","first-page":"690","article-title":"A landscape effect in tenosynovial giant-cell tumor from activation of CSF1 expression by a translocation in a minority of tumor cells","volume":"103","author":"West RB","year":"2006","unstructured":"West RB, Rubin BP, Miller MA, et al: A landscape effect in tenosynovial giant-cell tumor from activation of CSF1 expression by a translocation in a minority of tumor cells. Proc National Acad Sci USA 103: 690, 2006."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Acta Orthop","first-page":"688","article-title":"Higher incidence rates than previously known in tenosynovial giant cell tumors: a nationwide study in the Netherlands","volume":"88","author":"Mastboom MJL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mastboom MJL, Verspoor FGM, Verschoor AJ, et al: Higher incidence rates than previously known in tenosynovial giant cell tumors: a nationwide study in the Netherlands. Acta Orthop 88: 688, 2017."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore","first-page":"223","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis and tenosynovitis: a clinical epidemiologic study of 166 cases and literature review","volume":"59","author":"Myers BW","year":"1980","unstructured":"Myers BW, Masi AT: Pigmented villonodular synovitis and tenosynovitis: a clinical epidemiologic study of 166 cases and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 59: 223, 1980."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics, and recurrence: a registry-based cohort study in Denmark","volume":"44","author":"Ehrenstein V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ehrenstein V, Andersen SL, Qazi I, et al: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics, and recurrence: a registry-based cohort study in Denmark. J Rheumatol 44: 1476, 2017."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"S91","article-title":"Localized and diffuse forms of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (formerly giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath and pigmented villonodular synovitis)","volume":"103","author":"Gouin F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gouin F, Noailles T: Localized and diffuse forms of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (formerly giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath and pigmented villonodular synovitis). Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 103: S91, 2017."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Clin Sarcoma Res","first-page":"15","article-title":"Metastasizing tenosynovial giant cell tumour, diffuse type\/pigmented villonodular synovitis","volume":"5","author":"Righi A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Righi A, Gambarotti M, Sbaraglia M, et al: Metastasizing tenosynovial giant cell tumour, diffuse type\/pigmented villonodular synovitis. Clin Sarcoma Res 5: 15, 2015."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Series","first-page":"133","article-title":"Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor","author":"de Saint Aubain Somerhausen N","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Saint Aubain Somerhausen N, van de Rijn M: \u201cTenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor,\u201d in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Series, 5th Ed, p 133, IARC Press, Lyon, France, 2020. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours; vol 3."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","first-page":"593","article-title":"Tenosynovial giant cell tumors of digits: MRI differentiation between localized types and diffuse types with pathology correlation","volume":"52","author":"Jeong HS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeong HS, Lee SK, Kim JY, et al: Tenosynovial giant cell tumors of digits: MRI differentiation between localized types and diffuse types with pathology correlation. Skeletal Radiol 52: 593, 2023."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Bone Joint J","first-page":"788","article-title":"Management of tenosynovial giant cell tumour of the foot and ankle","volume":"103-B","author":"Spierenburg G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spierenburg G, Lancaster ST, van der Heijden L, et al: Management of tenosynovial giant cell tumour of the foot and ankle. Bone Joint J 103-B: 788, 2021."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"J Nippon Med Sch","first-page":"184","article-title":"Optimal treatment for tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the hand","volume":"87","author":"Kitagawa Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kitagawa Y, Takai S: Optimal treatment for tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the hand. J Nippon Med Sch 87: 184, 2020."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Giant-cell tumor: a study of 195 cases","volume":"25","author":"Dahlin DC","year":"1970","unstructured":"Dahlin DC, Cupps RE, Johnson EW Jr: Giant-cell tumor: a study of 195 cases. Cancer 25: 1061, 1970."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Ann Med Surg","first-page":"102599","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a 5-year-old child; a case report","volume":"69","author":"Asaad SK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asaad SK, Bapir R, Salh AM, et al: Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a 5-year-old child; a case report. Ann Med Surg 69: 102599, 2021."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"107797","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath of the toe: case report of an unusual localization","volume":"102","author":"Zendeoui A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zendeoui A, Gharbi MA, Nafiss M, et al: Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath of the toe: case report of an unusual localization. Int J Surg Case Rep 102: 107797, 2023."},{"key":"B16","series-title":"JAPMA","first-page":"Article_25","article-title":"Lobo-Mart\u00edn A: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor in the forefoot: two case reports and literature review","volume":"111","author":"C\u00f3rdoba-Fern\u00e1ndez A","year":"2021","unstructured":"C\u00f3rdoba-Fern\u00e1ndez A, S\u00e1nchez-Robles LJ, Lobo-Mart\u00edn A: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor in the forefoot: two case reports and literature review. JAPMA 111: Article_25, 2021."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/114\/4\/23-073.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/114\/4\/23-073.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/114\/4\/23-073.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:19:47Z","timestamp":1783505987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/114\/4\/23073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/23-073","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}