{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:26Z","timestamp":1783509326953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Minority disparities have been documented in the diabetic community since the late 1990s. Historically, the literature acknowledges that higher rates of diabetes-related complications occur in this subgroup. Despite this, disparities among patients with Charcot\u2019s neuroarthropathy have yet to be explored. We compared incidence and management among patients with Charcot\u2019s neuroarthropathy with emphasis on racial and geographic differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We retrospectively reviewed patients from two hospitals, an inner-city tertiary center and a suburban facility, between 2013 and 2022. Patients were managed by the same attending physician as either referrals or initial consultations for a diagnosis of Charcot\u2019s neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Patient selection was performed via\n                    <jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision<\/jats:italic>\n                    codes associated with Charcot's joint of the foot.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Of 120 patients identified, 87.5% were nonminority white individuals. The minority community had an increased frequency of medical comorbidities. Minorities were two times more likely to undergo a staged reconstruction. Compared with suburban patients, inner-city patients, on average, had higher hemoglobin A\n                    <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels and more ulceration and osteomyelitis. Similarly, this cohort was more apt to undergo reconstructive surgery and had a reduced mortality rate.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although there may be a correlation with medical comorbidities in minority communities, there does not seem to be a difference in the management of Charcot\u2019s neuroarthropathy. Location has the potential to play a role in diagnosis, management, and potential outcomes, likely due to access to health care and community education. More prospective studies are warranted to better understand the influence of racial and geographic differences on management of the Charcot foot.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/23-118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:37:28Z","timestamp":1761745048000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health-Care Disparities with Charcot\u2019s Neuroarthropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Cameron","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency, Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Manway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"48","article-title":"Variation in the incidence and proportion of diabetes-related amputations in minorities","volume":"19","author":"Lavery LA","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lavery LA, Ashry HR, van Houtum W, et al: Variation in the incidence and proportion of diabetes-related amputations in minorities. Diabetes Care 19: 48, 1996."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"593","article-title":"Diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations disproportionately affect Blacks and Mexican Americans","volume":"92","author":"Lavery LA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lavery LA, van Houtum WH, Ashry HR, et al: Diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations disproportionately affect Blacks and Mexican Americans. South Med J 92: 593, 1999."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Diabetes","first-page":"68","article-title":"Disparities in initial presentation and treatment outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers in a public, private, and Veterans Administration hospital","volume":"6","author":"Blumberg SN","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blumberg SN, Warren SM: Disparities in initial presentation and treatment outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers in a public, private, and Veterans Administration hospital. J Diabetes 6: 68, 2014."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Diabetic foot syndrome: evaluating the prevalence and incidence of foot pathology in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites from a diabetes disease management cohort","volume":"26","author":"Lavery LA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Wunderlich RP, et al: Diabetic foot syndrome: evaluating the prevalence and incidence of foot pathology in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites from a diabetes disease management cohort. Diabetes Care 26: 1435, 2003."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0216832","article-title":"Racial factors and inpatient outcomes among patients with diabetes hospitalized with foot ulcers and foot infections, 2003-2014","volume":"14","author":"Harris CM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris CM, Albaeni A, Thorpe RJ, et al: Racial factors and inpatient outcomes among patients with diabetes hospitalized with foot ulcers and foot infections, 2003-2014. PLoS One 14: e0216832, 2019."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"186","article-title":"Cost of diabetes-related amputations in minorities","volume":"37","author":"Ashry HR","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ashry HR, Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, et al: Cost of diabetes-related amputations in minorities. J Foot Ankle Surg 37: 186, 1998."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"J Diabetes Complications","first-page":"588","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes-related foot complications in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD)","volume":"27","author":"McEwen LN","year":"2013","unstructured":"McEwen LN, Ylitalo KR, Herman WH, et al: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes-related foot complications in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD). J Diabetes Complications 27: 588, 2013."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"115514","article-title":"Bone density, microarchitecture and strength estimates in white versus African American youth with obesity","volume":"138","author":"Campoverde Reyes KJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campoverde Reyes KJ, Stanford FC, Singhal V, et al: Bone density, microarchitecture and strength estimates in white versus African American youth with obesity. Bone 138: 115514, 2020."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care","first-page":"e001328","article-title":"Association between race\/ethnicity and the risk of amputation of lower extremities among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetic foot ulcers and diabetic foot infections","volume":"8","author":"Tan TW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan TW, Armstrong DG, Concha-Moore KC, et al: Association between race\/ethnicity and the risk of amputation of lower extremities among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetic foot ulcers and diabetic foot infections. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 8: e001328, 2020."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","first-page":"e228399","article-title":"Association of race, ethnicity, and rurality with major leg amputation or death among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"5","author":"Brennan MB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brennan MB, Powell WR, Kaiksow F, et al: Association of race, ethnicity, and rurality with major leg amputation or death among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers. JAMA Netw Open 5: e228399, 2022."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Diabet Med","first-page":"624","article-title":"Pre-hospital delay in patients with diabetic foot problems: influencing factors and subsequent quality of care","volume":"31","author":"Yan J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan J, Liu Y, Zhou B, et al: Pre-hospital delay in patients with diabetic foot problems: influencing factors and subsequent quality of care. Diabet Med 31: 624, 2014."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","first-page":"e223991","article-title":"Rates of diabetes-related major amputations among racial and ethnic minority adults following Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act","volume":"5","author":"Tan TW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan TW, Calhoun EA, Knapp SM, et al: Rates of diabetes-related major amputations among racial and ethnic minority adults following Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. JAMA Netw Open 5: e223991, 2022."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/115\/5\/23-118.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/115\/5\/23-118.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/115\/5\/23-118.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:20:19Z","timestamp":1783506019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/115\/5\/23118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/23-118","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}