{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:26Z","timestamp":1783509326956,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale is used to evaluate foot and ankle complaints, both in the general population and in athletes. The objective of this study was to review different versions of the AOFAS scale for hindfoot and ankle problems and to evaluate the methodological quality of studies published in this respect.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study design was a systematic review, and a search was conducted in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro: Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and PROSPERO from inception to January 2023. The following inclusion criteria were applied: validation studies of the AOFAS scale, in different languages, with no time limit, in a population aged 18 years and older. Two of us (J.G.-M. and S.S.-M.) independently assessed the quality of the studies located and extracted the relevant data. The COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) checklist was used to assess methodological quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Six instruments were analyzed in this review. In many cases, significant methodological flaws were detected, mostly regarding internal consistency and criterion validity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The Dutch (ankle fractures) version of the AOFAS scale presents the best quality and is considered valid and reliable. Further studies, with greater methodological rigor, are required of the cultural adaptations of this measurement instrument.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/23-166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:37:48Z","timestamp":1761745068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methodological Quality of Cross-Cultural Adaptations of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Marchena-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty Health Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Garcia-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty Health Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Sanchez-Morilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty Health Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Cervera-Garvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty Health Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Ortiz-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Podiatry, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain."},{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Belen","family":"Ortega-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty Health Sciences, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), M\u00e1laga, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol","first-page":"104","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability: arthroscopic anatomical repair","volume":"61","author":"Arroyo-Hern\u00e1ndez M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arroyo-Hern\u00e1ndez M, Mellado-Romero M, P\u00e1ramo-D\u00edaz P, et al: Chronic ankle instability: arthroscopic anatomical repair. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol 61: 104, 2017."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"119","article-title":"Does subtalar instability really exist? A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Michels F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michels F, Clockaerts S, Van Der Bauwhede J, et al: Does subtalar instability really exist? A systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg 26: 119, 2020."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc","first-page":"98","article-title":"Common foot and ankle injuries: what not to miss and how best to manage","volume":"117","author":"Reissig J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reissig J, Bitterman A, Lee S: Common foot and ankle injuries: what not to miss and how best to manage. 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