{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:27Z","timestamp":1783509327023,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Checkrein syndrome is a rare condition affecting the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon as a result of either surgery or trauma. Checkrein syndrome is defined as the occurrence of hallux malleus upon dorsiflexion of the ankle, which is reduced upon plantarflexion of the ankle. The literature supports various treatments for this condition; however, lengthening of the FHL tendon remains the mainstay of treatment. In this case series, we describe two cases of checkrein syndrome with different etiologies: pilon fracture and gunshot wound to the leg. Both of these cases were successfully treated with FHL tendon lengthening, with one case requiring a hallux interphalangeal joint arthrodesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/24-051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T11:19:28Z","timestamp":1750850368000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Checkrein Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn J.","family":"Loesel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Brando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"47","article-title":"Claw toes following tibial fracture","volume":"103","author":"Clawson DK","year":"1974","unstructured":"Clawson DK: Claw toes following tibial fracture. Clin Orthop Relat Res 103: 47, 1974."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"J Orthop Case Rep","first-page":"18","article-title":"Checkrein deformity of the great toe managed by midfoot flexor hallucis longus Z-plasty: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Gadhavi MV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gadhavi MV, Majmundar DD, Solanki RA: Checkrein deformity of the great toe managed by midfoot flexor hallucis longus Z-plasty: a case report. J Orthop Case Rep 9: 18, 2019."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"e23","article-title":"Adhesion of flexor hallucis longus at the site of a tibial-shaft fracture\u2014a cause of a checkrein deformity","volume":"21","author":"Yuen CP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuen CP, Lui TH: Adhesion of flexor hallucis longus at the site of a tibial-shaft fracture\u2014a cause of a checkrein deformity. Foot Ankle Surg 21: e23, 2015."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Clin Orthop Surg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management of checkrein deformity","volume":"16","author":"Kyung MG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kyung MG, Cho YJ, Lee DY: Management of checkrein deformity. Clin Orthop Surg 16: 1, 2024."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Case Rep Orthop","first-page":"8459586","article-title":"Checkrein deformity of the hallux and second toe after soft-tissue injury","volume":"2021","author":"Rodriguez-Collell JR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Collell JR, Mifsut-Miedes D: Checkrein deformity of the hallux and second toe after soft-tissue injury. Case Rep Orthop 2021: 8459586, 2021."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Treatment of checkrein deformity of the hallux","volume":"90","author":"Lee HS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee HS, Kim JS, Park JM, et al: Treatment of checkrein deformity of the hallux. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90: 1055, 2008."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"World J Clin Cases","first-page":"444","article-title":"Efficacy of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for checkrein deformity: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Feng XJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng XJ, Jiang Y, Wu JX, et al: Efficacy of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for checkrein deformity: a case report. World J Clin Cases 8: 444, 2020."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"The Check Rein, Wright and Potter","author":"Angell GT","year":"1872","unstructured":"Angell GT: The Check Rein, Wright and Potter, Boston, 1872."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Sci J Foot Ankle","first-page":"259","article-title":"Checkrein deformity treated through a forefoot approach: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Rua BR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rua BR: Checkrein deformity treated through a forefoot approach: a case report. Sci J Foot Ankle 13: 259, 2019."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/115\/3\/24-051.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/115\/3\/24-051.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/115\/3\/24-051.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:20:11Z","timestamp":1783506011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/115\/3\/24051"}},"subtitle":["A Case Series"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/24-051","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}