{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:35Z","timestamp":1783509335176,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Flat feet is a very common deformity in children. Often, radiologic evaluation for children with flat feet is made. Although the measurement reliability of some angles in flat feet has been evaluated in the literature, none of them have been performed in the age range of 3\u20137 years, when the deformity is most common. Our aim is to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the 7 angles that are used for assessing flat feet.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Radiologic angles were measured by four independent observers (two specialists and two residents) in two separate sessions on the foot radiographs of 50 children aged 3\u20137 years with clinically diagnosed flat feet in the appropriate position and intra-class correlation coefficient was evaluated. Thus, interobserver and intraobserver reliability was measured.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    High reliability values were found in the AP talus - 1st metatarsal (APT1MT) angle and calcaneus inclination (CI) angle, while the reliability was moderate in the other angles. Intra-observer reliability values tended to be higher than interobserver values, which is consistent with other studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    It is useful to keep in mind that the measurement reliability is moderate except for APT1MT and CI when angles are measured in this specific age group. No positive effect of experience on measurement reliability was found in our study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    3, Case control Study\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/25-014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:17:42Z","timestamp":1762269462000},"page":"e1-e26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reliability of Radiologic Measurements in Children with Flexible Flat Feet"],"prefix":"10.3390","author":[{"given":"Mert","family":"G\u00fcndo\u011fdu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziya","family":"Shammadli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Republic Hospital, Baku, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr","family":"Baysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emrecan","family":"Akg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sultanbeyli State Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayati","family":"Kart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Hilmi Muratl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/view\/journals\/apms\/aop\/25-014\/25-014.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/aop\/25-014\/25-014.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/japmaonline.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apms\/aop\/25-014\/25-014.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:25:19Z","timestamp":1783506319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/116\/2\/25014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/25-014","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]}}}