{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1793304288603,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes a new, noninvasive method of assessing the severity of hallux valgus deformity by means of a set of standardized photographs. Six podiatrists were independently asked to grade the level of deformity of 13 subjects (26 feet) on a scale of 1 (no deformity) to 4 (severe deformity). The reliability of the four-point scale for the severity of hallux valgus was investigated by means of kappa-type statistics for more than two raters. The results showed that the grading method had excellent interobserver repeatability with a combined kappa-type statistic of 0.86, making it a suitable instrument for clinical and research purposes. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 74-78, 2001)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-91-2-74","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T10:57:17Z","timestamp":1396349837000},"page":"74-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["The Grading of Hallux Valgus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Adam P.","family":"Garrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Podiatrist\/Epidemiologist, Diabetes Foot Clinic, Disablement Services Centre, Withington Hospital, Cavendish Rd, Manchester M20 8LB, England. Submitted during doctoral studies, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Coordinator, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Silman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Rheumatic Disease Epidemiology, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Submitted during doctoral studies, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm I. V.","family":"Jayson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Clinical Sciences Bldg, Hope Hospital, Salford, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Macfarlane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Epidemiology, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit and Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"ref111","first-page":"1991","article-title":"Morbidity Statistics from General Practice : Fourth National Study Her Majesty s Stationery Office","volume":"25","author":"McCormick","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"87","article-title":"Trouble with Feet Son Ltd","author":"Clarke","year":"1969"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"112","article-title":"Allied Deformities of the Forefoot and Philadelphia","author":"Kelikian","year":"1965"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"1991","article-title":"Morbidity Statistics from General Practice : Fourth National Study Her Majesty s Stationery Office","volume":"25","author":"McCormick","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref471","article-title":"Epidemiological Studies Practical Guide Syndicate of the University of Cambridge","author":"Silman","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"349","article-title":"Root Normal and Abnormal Function of the Foot in Los","author":"Orien","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"ref231","article-title":"Epidemiological Studies Practical Guide Syndicate of the University of Cambridge","author":"Silman","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref451","article-title":"Error in Categorical Clinical Data Interpretation dissertation University of Manchester","author":"Roberts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Measurement Analysis"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"349","article-title":"Root Normal and Abnormal Function of the Foot in Los","author":"Orien","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"87","article-title":"Trouble with Feet Son Ltd","author":"Clarke","year":"1969"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"112","article-title":"Allied Deformities of the Forefoot and Philadelphia","author":"Kelikian","year":"1965"},{"key":"ref211","article-title":"Error in Categorical Clinical Data Interpretation dissertation University of Manchester","author":"Roberts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Measurement Analysis"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/91\/2\/74\/1410913\/87507315-91-2-74.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/91\/2\/74\/1410913\/87507315-91-2-74.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:44:53Z","timestamp":1783428293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/91\/2\/74"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/87507315-91-2-74","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315","1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]}}}