{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:17:02Z","timestamp":1783430222487,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ankle equinus has been proposed to be associated with lower-extremity pathology. Physiologically normal measurements have been quantified in various populations. Forty high-school athletes (16 girls and 24 boys) without a history of ankle injury had ankle dorsiflexion measured with the knee extended and flexed by an experienced evaluator using a goniometer with the subjects supine. The group mean \u00b1 SD dorsiflexion for the right ankle was 0.35\u00b0 \u00b1 2.2\u00b0 with the knee extended and 4.88\u00b0 \u00b1 3.23\u00b0 with the knee flexed. The values for the left ankle were \u20130.6\u00b0 \u00b1 2.09\u00b0 and 4.68\u00b0 \u00b1 3.33\u00b0, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between limbs using the Student t-test. In girls, values for right and left ankle dorsiflexion were 0.19\u00b0 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0 and \u20130.7\u00b0 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0, respectively, with the knee extended and 4.88\u00b0 \u00b1 3.59\u00b0 and 4.88\u00b0 \u00b1 3.07\u00b0, respectively, with the knee flexed. In boys, these values were 0.46\u00b0 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0 and \u20130.5\u00b0 \u00b1 1.98\u00b0 with the knee extended and 4.88\u00b0 \u00b1 3.04\u00b0 and 4.54\u00b0 \u00b1 3.55\u00b0 with the knee flexed. There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls. Ankle dorsiflexion in asymptomatic adolescent athletes is approximately 0\u00b0 with the knee extended and just less than 5\u00b0 with the knee flexed. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(4): 312-314, 2003)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-93-4-312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T10:44:41Z","timestamp":1396349081000},"page":"312-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ankle Dorsiflexion in Adolescent Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Amol","family":"Saxena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","reference":[{"key":"2020060316550087600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damron TA, Greenwald TA, Breed AL: Chronologic outcome of surgical tendoachilles lengthening and natural history of gastroc-soleus contracture in cerebral palsy: a two-part study. .Clin Orthop301::249. ,1994. .","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199404000-00039"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicoladoni C: The classic: on the treatment of pes equinus paralyticus. .Clin Orthop135::2. ,1978. .","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197809000-00001"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armstrong DG, Stacpoole-Shea S, Nguyen H, et al: Lengthening of the Achilles tendon in diabetic patients who are at high risk for ulceration of the foot. .J Bone Joint Surg Am81::535. ,1999. .","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00011"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R4","unstructured":"Silverskiold N: Reduction of the uncrossed two-joint muscles of the leg to one-joint muscles in spastic conditions. .Acta Chir Scand56::315. ,1924. ."},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downey MS, Banks AS: Gastrocnemius recession in the treatment of nonspastic ankle equinus: a retrospective study. .JAPMA79::159. ,1989. .","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-79-4-159"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saxena A: Endoscopic gastrocnemius tenotomy. .J Foot Ankle Surg41::57. ,2002. .","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(02)80011-4"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DiGiovanni CW, Kuo R, Tejwani N, et al: Isolated gastrocnemius tightness. .J Bone Joint Surg Am84::962. ,2002. .","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00010"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R8","unstructured":"Grady JF, Saxena A: Effects of stretching the gastrocnemius muscle. .J Foot Surg30::465. ,1991. ."},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Gheluwe B, Kirby KA, Roosen P, et al: Reliability and accuracy of biomechanical measurements of the lower extremities. .JAPMA92::317. ,2002. .","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-6-317"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elveru RA, Rothstein JM, Lamb RL: Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting: subtalar and ankle joint measurements. .Phys Ther68::672. ,1988. .","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/68.5.672"},{"key":"2020060316550087600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabrizi P, McIntyre WM, Quesnel MB, et al: Limited dorsiflexion predisposes to injuries of the ankle in children. .J Bone Joint Surg Br82::1103. ,2000. .","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B8.0821103"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/93\/4\/312\/1415992\/87507315-93-4-312.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/japma\/article-pdf\/93\/4\/312\/1415992\/87507315-93-4-312.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:45:36Z","timestamp":1783428336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/93\/4\/312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7547\/87507315-93-4-312","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7315","1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7315","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]}}}