{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:54:04Z","timestamp":1790790844580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012213","name":"Rappaport Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rappaport Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Texture discrimination is a fundamental function of somatosensory systems, yet the manner by which texture is coded and spatially represented in the barrel cortex are largely unknown. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in the rat barrel cortex during artificial whisking against different surface coarseness or controlled passive whisker vibrations simulating different coarseness, we show that layer 2\u20133 neurons within barrel boundaries differentially respond to specific texture coarsenesses, while only a minority of neurons responded monotonically with increased or decreased surface coarseness. Neurons with similar preferred texture coarseness were spatially clustered. Multi-contact single unit recordings showed a vertical columnar organization of texture coarseness preference in layer 2\u20133. These findings indicate that layer 2\u20133 neurons perform high hierarchical processing of tactile information, with surface coarseness embodied by distinct neuronal subpopulations that are spatially mapped onto the barrel cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.03405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T06:03:59Z","timestamp":1410933839000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Texture coarseness responsive neurons and their mapping in layer 2\u20133 of the rat barrel cortex in vivo"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Liora","family":"Garion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Dubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitzhak","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony","family":"Azouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1671","article-title":"A somatotopic map of vibrissa motion direction within a barrel column","volume":"9","author":"Andermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00198-9","article-title":"Neural correlates of vibrissa resonance; band-pass and somatotopic representation of high-frequency stimuli","volume":"42","author":"Andermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9216","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1491-06.2006","article-title":"Deciphering the spike train of a sensory neuron: counts and temporal patterns in the rat whisker pathway","volume":"26","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9146","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09146.2003","article-title":"Encoding of whisker vibration by rat barrel cortex neurons: implications for texture discrimination","volume":"23","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030017","article-title":"Neuronal encoding of texture in the whisker sensory pathway","volume":"3","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3378","article-title":"Pre-neuronal morphological processing of object location by individual whiskers","volume":"16","author":"Bagdasarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2490","article-title":"Dichotomy of functional organization in the mouse auditory cortex","volume":"13","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.018465","article-title":"Dynamic representation of whisker deflection by synaptic potentials in spiny stellate and pyramidal cells in the barrels and septa of layer 4 rat somatosensory cortex","volume":"543","author":"Brecht","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010531","article-title":"Responses in the rat thalamus to whisker movements produced by motor nerve stimulation","volume":"238","author":"Brown","year":"1974","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9565","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-29-09565.2003","article-title":"Thalamocortical angular tuning domains within individual barrels of rat somatosensory cortex","volume":"23","author":"Bruno","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040382","article-title":"Interdigitated paralemniscal and lemniscal pathways in the mouse barrel cortex","volume":"4","author":"Bureau","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02638.1990","article-title":"Biometric analyses of vibrissal tactile discrimination in the rat","volume":"10","author":"Carvell","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12236","article-title":"Behaviour-dependent recruitment of long-range projection neurons in somatosensory cortex","volume":"499","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060220","article-title":"Whisker-mediated texture discrimination","volume":"6","author":"Diamond","year":"2008a","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2411","article-title":"'Where' and 'what' in the whisker sensorimotor system","volume":"9","author":"Diamond","year":"2008b","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030342","article-title":"Cortical sensitivity to visual features in natural scenes","volume":"3","author":"Felsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth989","article-title":"Imaging cellular network dynamics in three dimensions using fast 3D laser scanning","volume":"4","author":"Gobel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149639","article-title":"Rapid neural coding in the retina with relative spike latencies","volume":"319","author":"Gollisch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/324361a0","article-title":"Functional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals","volume":"324","author":"Grinvald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80150-0","article-title":"Vibrissal roughness discrimination is barrelcortex-dependent","volume":"48","author":"Guic-Robles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(89)90011-9","article-title":"Rats can learn a roughness discrimination using only their vibrissal system","volume":"31","author":"Guic-Robles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01104.2005","article-title":"Texture signals in whisker vibrations","volume":"95","author":"Hipp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(88)90114-8","article-title":"A versatile means of intracellular labeling: injection of biocytin and its detection with avidin conjugates","volume":"25","author":"Horikawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008455","article-title":"Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex","volume":"195","author":"Hubel","year":"1968","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1977.0085","article-title":"Ferrier lecture. Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex","volume":"198","author":"Hubel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2328","article-title":"Sparse temporal coding of elementary tactile features during active whisker sensation","volume":"12","author":"Jadhav","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13316","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2210-07.2007","article-title":"Spatial organization of neuronal population responses in layer 2\/3 of rat barrel cortex","volume":"27","author":"Kerr","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00718.2004","article-title":"Tracking whisker and head movements in unrestrained behaving rodents","volume":"93","author":"Knutsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6541-10.2011","article-title":"Late emergence of the vibrissa direction selectivity map in the rat barrel cortex","volume":"31","author":"Kremer","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11451","article-title":"Nonlinear dendritic processing determines angular tuning of barrel cortex neurons in vivo","volume":"490","author":"Lavzin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.024","article-title":"Two-photon imaging of spatially extended neuronal network dynamics with high temporal resolution","volume":"172","author":"Lillis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90302.2008","article-title":"Dynamic translation of surface coarseness into whisker vibrations","volume":"100","author":"Lottem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11686","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0705-09.2009","article-title":"Mechanisms of tactile information transmission through whisker vibrations","volume":"29","author":"Lottem","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2003.08.012","article-title":"Targeted whole-cell recordings in the mammalian brain in vivo","volume":"39","author":"Margrie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20437","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020437","article-title":"Psychometric curve and behavioral strategies for whisker-based texture discrimination in rats","volume":"6","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6499","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-16-06499.2003","article-title":"Vibrissa resonance as a transduction mechanism for tactile encoding","volume":"23","author":"Neimark","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00276.2004","article-title":"Large-scale organization of ferret auditory cortex revealed using continuous acquisition of intrinsic optical signals","volume":"92","author":"Nelken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03274","article-title":"Functional imaging with cellular resolution reveals precise micro-architecture in visual cortex","volume":"433","author":"Ohki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(95)00144-1","article-title":"A novel single-cell staining procedure performed in vivo under electrophysiological control: morpho-functional features of juxtacellularly labeled thalamic cells and other central neurons with biocytin or Neurobiotin","volume":"65","author":"Pinault","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00287-3","article-title":"Correlated neuronal discharges that increase coding efficiency during perceptual discrimination","volume":"38","author":"Romo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1058","article-title":"Flutter discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making","volume":"4","author":"Romo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2484","article-title":"Functional organization and population dynamics in the mouse primary auditory cortex","volume":"13","author":"Rothschild","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050189","article-title":"The functional microarchitecture of the mouse barrel cortex","volume":"5","author":"Sato","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902470203","article-title":"The facial \u201cmotor\u201d nerve of the rat: control of vibrissal movement and examination of motor and sensory components","volume":"247","author":"Semba","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5670","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1173-05.2005","article-title":"Laminar and columnar organization of ascending excitatory projections to layer 2\/3 pyramidal neurons in rat barrel cortex","volume":"25","author":"Shepherd","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050140","article-title":"The auditory cortex of the house mouse: left-right differences, tonotopic organization and quantitative analysis of frequency representation","volume":"181","author":"Stiebler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232232100","article-title":"In vivo two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal networks","volume":"100","author":"Stosiek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00671-8","article-title":"Encoding of vibrissal active touch","volume":"40","author":"Szwed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e305","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050305","article-title":"Neuronal activity in rat barrel cortex underlying texture discrimination","volume":"5","author":"von Heimendahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060215","article-title":"Texture coding in the rat whisker system: slip-stick versus differential resonance","volume":"6","author":"Wolfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90079-X","article-title":"The structural organization of layer IV in the somatosensory region (SI) of mouse cerebral cortex. The description of a cortical field composed of discrete cytoarchitectonic units","volume":"17","author":"Woolsey","year":"1970","journal-title":"Brain Research"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/03405\/elife-03405-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/03405\/elife-03405-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/03405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T20:46:27Z","timestamp":1697057187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/03405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.03405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.03405","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.03405.028","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.03405.027","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03405"}}