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Using cell-specific inducible gene recombination in mice we found that, in the postnatal inner ear, Bbnf and Ntf3 are required for the formation and maintenance of hair cell ribbon synapses in the vestibular and cochlear epithelia, respectively. We also show that supporting cells in these epithelia are the key endogenous source of the neurotrophins. Using a new hair cell CreERT line with mosaic expression, we also found that Ntf3's effect on cochlear synaptogenesis is highly localized. Moreover, supporting cell-derived Ntf3, but not Bbnf, promoted recovery of cochlear function and ribbon synapse regeneration after acoustic trauma. These results indicate that glial-derived neurotrophins play critical roles in inner ear synapse density and synaptic regeneration after injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.03564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T07:31:59Z","timestamp":1413790319000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Neurotrophin-3 regulates ribbon synapse density in the cochlea and induces synapse regeneration after acoustic trauma"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-9301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"F M Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States"},{"name":"Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United 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