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Thus, it is necessary for preventing these diseases to remove toxic proteins, repair damaged neurons, and suppress cellular senescence. As a source for such prophylactic agents, we selected zizyphi spinosi semen (ZSS), a medicinal herb used in traditional Chinese medicine. Oral administration of ZSS hot water extract ameliorated A\u03b2 and tau pathology and cognitive impairment in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Non-extracted ZSS simple crush powder showed stronger effects than the extract and improved \u03b1-synuclein pathology and cognitive\/motor function in Parkinson\u2019s disease model mice. Furthermore, when administered to normal aged mice, the ZSS powder suppressed cellular senescence, reduced DNA oxidation, promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis, and enhanced cognition to levels similar to those in young mice. The quantity of known active ingredients of ZSS, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and spinosin was not proportional to the nootropic activity of ZSS. 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