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However, the detailed mechanisms are not well characterized. In this study, we focused on the neural network architectures of male and hermaphrodite\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the association with sexually dimorphic behaviors. We applied graph theory and computational neuroscience methods to systematically discern the features of these two neural networks. Our findings revealed that a small percentage of sexual-specific neurons exerted dominance throughout the entire male neural network, suggesting males prioritized sexual-related behavior outputs. Based on the structural and dynamical characteristics of two complete neural networks, sub-networks containing sex-specific neurons and their immediate neighbors, or sub-networks exclusively comprising sex-shared neurons, we predicted dimorphic behavioral outcomes for males and hermaphrodites. To verify the prediction, we performed behavioral and calcium imaging experiments and dissected a circuit that is specific for the increased spontaneous local search in males for mate-searching. Our research sheds light on the neural circuits that underlie sexually dimorphic behaviors in\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and provides significant insights into the interconnected relationship between network architecture and functional outcomes at the whole-brain level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.102309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T06:27:06Z","timestamp":1740637626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.102309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dimorphic neural network architecture prioritizes sexual-related behaviors in male Caenorhabditis 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