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The cerebellum, which rapidly learns to adjust the movement, connects to the motor cortex and the striatum primarily via the ventral and intralaminar thalamus, respectively. Here, we evaluated the contribution of cerebellar neurons projecting to these thalamic nuclei in a skilled locomotion task in mice. Using a targeted chemogenetic inhibition that preserves the motor abilities, we found that cerebellar nuclei neurons projecting to the intralaminar thalamus contribute to learning and expression, while cerebellar nuclei neurons projecting to the ventral thalamus contribute to offline consolidation. Asymptotic performance, however, required each type of neurons. Thus, our results show that cerebellar neurons belonging to two parallel cerebello-thalamic pathways play distinct, but complementary, roles functioning on different timescales and both necessary for motor skill learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.102813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T13:25:15Z","timestamp":1730985915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.102813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiple functions of cerebello-thalamic neurons in learning and offline consolidation of a motor skill in mice"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4227-5785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9s Pablo","family":"Varani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mxktp47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale sup\u00e9rieure (IBENS), Ecole normale 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