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However, the specific subpopulation of neurons that accounts for such coordination remains unidentified, limiting the development of target-specific therapies for certain urination disorders, for example, detrusor\u2013sphincter dyssynergia. Here, we find that cells expressing estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) in the pontine micturition center (PMC) initiate voiding when activated and suspend ongoing voiding when suppressed, each at 100% reliability. Transection of the pelvic nerve does not impair PMC\n                    <jats:sup>ESR1+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neurons\u2019 control of the EUS via the pudendal nerve, whereas transection of the pudendal nerve does not impair their control of the bladder via the pelvic nerve. Anatomically, PMC\n                    <jats:sup>ESR1+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neurons consist of three distinct spinal-projection-based subpopulations: one targeting the sacral parasympathetic nucleus, one innervating the dorsal gray commissure, and a third that projects to both regions, thereby enforcing the coordination of bladder contraction and sphincter relaxation in a rigid temporal sequence. Thus, we identify a cell type in the brainstem that controls the bladder\u2013urethra coordination for urination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.103224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T19:25:07Z","timestamp":1733167507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.103224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Brainstem neurons coordinate the bladder and urethral sphincter for urination"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02c9qn167","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University","place":["Nanning, 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