{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:50:23Z","timestamp":1792698623930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781"],"id":[{"id":"10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781"],"id":[{"id":"10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013kjyp64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K00CA212445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K00CA212445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["K00CA212445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K00CA212445"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1K99HL168312-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K99HL168312-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["1K99HL168312-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K99HL168312-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01CA228346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA228346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["R01CA228346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA228346"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elifesciences.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pyruvate occupies a central node in carbohydrate metabolism such that how it is produced and consumed can optimize a cell for energy production or biosynthetic capacity. This has been primarily studied in proliferating cells, but observations from the post-mitotic\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    fat body led us to hypothesize that pyruvate fate might dictate the rapid cell growth observed in this organ during development. Indeed, we demonstrate that augmented mitochondrial pyruvate import prevented cell growth in fat body cells in vivo as well as in cultured mammalian hepatocytes and human hepatocyte-derived cells in vitro. We hypothesize that this effect on cell size was caused by an increase in the NADH\/NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio, which rewired metabolism toward gluconeogenesis and suppressed the biomass-supporting glycolytic pathway. Amino acid synthesis was decreased, and the resulting loss of protein synthesis prevented cell growth. Surprisingly, this all occurred in the face of activated pro-growth signaling pathways, including mTORC1, Myc, and PI3K\/Akt. These observations highlight the evolutionarily conserved role of pyruvate metabolism in setting the balance between energy extraction and biomass production in specialized post-mitotic cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.103705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T15:25:15Z","timestamp":1735572315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.103705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The fate of pyruvate dictates cell growth by modulating cellular redox potential"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-7970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashish G","family":"Toshniwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Geanette","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-8922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex J","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7612-8375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad A","family":"Cluntun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Skabelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hyuck-Jin","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dona R","family":"Wisidagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8112-4643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carl S","family":"Thummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2710-9765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jared","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine","place":["Salt Lake City, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.07.021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cytosolic aspartate availability determines cell survival when glutamine is limiting","volume":"28","author":"Alkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019083","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell-size control","volume":"8","author":"Amodeo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085356","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Insect fat body: energy, metabolism, and regulation","volume":"55","author":"Arrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7286","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409260102","type":"journal-article","article-title":"c-Myc regulates cell size and ploidy but is not essential for postnatal proliferation in liver","volume":"102","author":"Baena","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00572-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolites as signalling molecules","volume":"24","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regulation of tumor initiation by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier","volume":"31","author":"Bensard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An essential role of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in cell proliferation is to enable aspartate synthesis","volume":"162","author":"Birsoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2018.10.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell size homeostasis: Metabolic control of growth and cell division","volume":"1866","author":"Bj\u00f6rklund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.06.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human cardiac metabolism","volume":"36","author":"Bornstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218099","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A mitochondrial pyruvate carrier required for pyruvate uptake in yeast, Drosophila, and humans","volume":"337","author":"Bricker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.09.033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mechanistic insight into allosteric activation of human pyruvate carboxylase by acetyl-CoA","volume":"82","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.12.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The pyruvate-lactate axis modulates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure","volume":"33","author":"Cluntun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(03)00713-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A nutrient sensor mechanism controls Drosophila growth","volume":"114","author":"Colombani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.1.1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"c-Myc target genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis, and metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Dang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cellular metabolism and disease: what do metabolic outliers teach us?","volume":"148","author":"DeBerardinis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.026294","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of protein synthesis in Drosophila larvae using puromycin labelling","volume":"6","author":"Deliu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biology Open"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(01)00334-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Endoreplication cell cycles: more for less","volume":"105","author":"Edgar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00276-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier abundance mediates pathological cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"2","author":"Fernandez-Caggiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2019.12.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of cell fate and function","volume":"30","author":"Ghosh-Choudhary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.26957","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell size sensing in animal cells coordinates anabolic growth rates and cell cycle progression to maintain cell size uniformity","volume":"7","author":"Ginzberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2017.00061","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The TOR signaling pathway in spatial and temporal control of cell size and growth","volume":"5","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2337-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hepatic NADH reductive stress underlies common variation in metabolic traits","volume":"583","author":"Goodman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-019-09849-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Alternative NADH dehydrogenase extends lifespan and increases resistance to xenobiotics in Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"Gospodaryov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.160713","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly specific and efficient CRISPR\/Cas9-catalyzed homology-directed repair in Drosophila","volume":"196","author":"Gratz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.027","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hepatic Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 Is required for efficient regulation of gluconeogenesis and whole-body glucose homeostasis","volume":"22","author":"Gray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.10.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Insulin\/TOR signaling in growth and homeostasis: a view from the fly world","volume":"41","author":"Grewal","year":"2009","journal-title":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13435","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis","volume":"1411","author":"Hatting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051174","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of insulin and cytosolic redox state on glucose production pathways in the isolated perfused mouse liver measured by integrated 2H and 13C NMR","volume":"394","author":"Hausler","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051195","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Myocardial metabolism in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"13","author":"Henry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218530","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identification and functional expression of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier","volume":"337","author":"Herzig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aspartic acid in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Hole\u010dek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155614","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Roles of malate and aspartate in gluconeogenesis in various physiological and pathological states","volume":"145","author":"Hole\u010dek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13180","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13180","type":"journal-article","article-title":"c-Myc enhances protein synthesis and cell size during B lymphocyte development","volume":"96","author":"Iritani","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.4.761","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Drosophila mushroom body is a quadruple structure of clonal units each of which contains a virtually identical set of neurones and glial cells","volume":"124","author":"Ito","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20080709","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase","volume":"413","author":"Jitrapakdee","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.02.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of steatotic liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Jokinen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528809067782","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of liver parameters (cellular structures, mitotic activity, glycogen and lipids in liver and serum) during three consecutive cycles in phenobarbital-treated rats","volume":"5","author":"Kast","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-021-00256-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pyruvate carboxylase and cancer progression","volume":"9","author":"Kiesel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer & Metabolism"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.1.247","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional significance of cell volume regulatory mechanisms","volume":"78","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34970","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.52.34970","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generation of destabilized green fluorescent protein as a transcription reporter","volume":"273","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0375-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Amino acids in cancer","volume":"52","author":"Lieu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental & Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.949382","type":"journal-article","article-title":"What programs the size of animal cells?","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.053","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The regulation of cell size","volume":"154","author":"Lloyd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154237","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis: meeting the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"27","author":"Lunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 in the liver leads to defects in gluconeogenesis and compensation via pyruvate-alanine cycling","volume":"22","author":"McCommis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00296-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nutritional modulation of heart failure in mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-deficient mice","volume":"2","author":"McCommis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L607","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00302.2005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Influence of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells on quinone redox status: effect of hyperoxia-induced NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1","volume":"290","author":"Merker","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.01.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Understanding metabolic regulation and its influence on cell physiology","volume":"49","author":"Metallo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.371047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Role of fat body lipogenesis in protection against the effects of caloric overload in Drosophila","volume":"288","author":"Musselman","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.62307","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Translation in amino-acid-poor environments is limited by tRNAGln charging","volume":"9","author":"Pavlova","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.80","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Endocrinology"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29506","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Liver size: Waning by day, waxing by night","volume":"67","author":"Reinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Energy metabolism in the liver","volume":"4","author":"Rui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9105","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911539107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Expression of the yeast NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1 in Drosophila confers increased lifespan independently of dietary restriction","volume":"107","author":"Sanz","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.09.026","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A role for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier as a repressor of the Warburg effect and colon cancer cell growth","volume":"56","author":"Schell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3593","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Control of intestinal stem cell function and proliferation by mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Schell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.10.006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The biosynthetic basis of cell size control","volume":"25","author":"Schmoller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100616","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Protocol for visualizing newly synthesized proteins in primary mouse hepatocytes","volume":"2","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protocols"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1660225","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of glucagon on metabolite compartmentation in isolated rat liver cells during gluconeogenesis from lactate","volume":"166","author":"Siess","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diurnal oscillations in liver mass and cell size accompany ribosome assembly cycles","volume":"169","author":"Sinturel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx071","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of the pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex\/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDC\/PDK) Axis in cancer","volume":"109","author":"Stacpoole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-0507","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MYC, metabolism, and cancer","volume":"5","author":"Stine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4161\/isl.3.6.17806","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The pyruvate carboxylase-pyruvate dehydrogenase axis in islet pyruvate metabolism: Going round in circles?","volume":"3","author":"Sugden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Islets"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Supporting Aspartate Biosynthesis is an essential function of respiration in proliferating cells","volume":"162","author":"Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0125-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aspartate is an endogenous metabolic limitation for tumour growth","volume":"20","author":"Sullivan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2021.04.030","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cell size homeostasis is maintained by CDK4-dependent activation of p38 MAPK","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471143030.cb0711s56","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolic labeling with noncanonical amino acids and visualization by chemoselective fluorescent tagging","volume":"Chapter 7","author":"Tom Dieck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Protocols in Cell Biology"},{"key":"bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.04.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ROS inhibits cell growth by regulating 4EBP and S6K, independent of TOR, during development","volume":"49","author":"Toshniwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81170","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The fat body cortical actin network regulates Drosophila inter-organ nutrient trafficking, signaling, and adipose cell size","volume":"12","author":"Ugrankar Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"324","author":"Vander Heiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2819","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MYC as a regulator of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis","volume":"10","author":"van Riggelen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cancer"},{"key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83545","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid cell type-specific nascent proteome labeling in Drosophila","volume":"12","author":"Villalobos-Cantor","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20204402","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs): an overview toward clinical applications","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.603837","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolism of amino acids in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq0117","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mitochondrial pyruvate supports lymphoma proliferation by fueling a glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2-dependent glutaminolysis pathway","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"bib77","first-page":"354","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolic drivers and rescuers of heart failure","volume":"120","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Missouri Medicine"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1039\/d2sc02024f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gramicidin A accumulates in mitochondria, reduces ATP levels, induces mitophagy, and inhibits cancer cell growth","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemical Science"},{"key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E33","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00074.2022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier at the crossroads of intermediary metabolism","volume":"323","author":"Yiew","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00504-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism","volume":"52","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental & Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071068","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The multifaceted pyruvate metabolism: Role of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier","volume":"10","author":"Zangari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00288-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers are required for myocardial stress adaptation","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.965595","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The cell cycle inhibitor RB is diluted in G1 and contributes to controlling cell size in the mouse liver","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.10.019","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fat body remodeling and homeostasis control in Drosophila","volume":"167","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0123-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of cell growth and proliferation","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology"}],"container-title":["eLife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/103705\/elife-103705-v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdn.elifesciences.org\/articles\/103705\/elife-103705-v1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/103705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:17:00Z","timestamp":1787563020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/103705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.7554\/eLife.103705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.103705","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.09.23.614588","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.09.23.614588","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-same-as":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.103705.3","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.103705.1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.103705.2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-financed-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.58275\/aha.24post1201210.pc.gr.190781","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.58275\/AHA.24POST1201210.pc.gr.190781","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-084X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-084X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"single anonymised","name":"peer_review_transparency","label":"Peer review transparency","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"other reviewer(s), editor","name":"peer_review_interaction","label":"Peer review interaction","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"review summaries, review reports, author\/editor communication, reviewer identities reviewer opt in, editor identities","name":"peer_review_published","label":"Peer review published","group":{"name":"peer_review_taxonomy"}},{"value":"open (sign in with ORCID iD required)","name":"post_publication_commenting","label":"Post publication commenting","group":{"name":"post_publication_commenting"}}],"article-number":"RP103705"}}