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Little is known about this process\u2019s neural substrates or how visual attention affects the representations of accumulated evidence. We conducted a simultaneous eye-tracking and fMRI experiment in which human subjects gradually learnt about the value of two food-lotteries. With this design, we were able to extend decisions over a prolonged time-course, manipulate the temporal onset of evidence, and therefore, dissociate sampled and accumulated evidence. We observed inconsistent correlations of both sampled and accumulated evidence with activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the ventral striatum, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and more consistent correlations of accumulated evidence with activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). We also found that more gaze on an option increased its choice probability and that gaze consistently amplified accumulated-value signals above and beyond the non-gaze-modulated signals in the pre-SMA and partially in the dlPFC, providing novel evidence that visual attention has lasting effects on decision variables and suggesting that activity in the pre-SMA and dlPFC reflects gaze-weighted accumulated evidence. These results shed new light on the neural mechanisms underlying gaze-driven decision processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.103846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T10:30:39Z","timestamp":1745404239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.103846","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Overt visual attention modulates decision-related signals in the frontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-0046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Blair RK","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Gwinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Makwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6618-5675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian","family":"Krajbich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rs6vg23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Economics, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, United States"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046rm7j60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles","place":["Los Angeles, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"4374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01548-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neurons in human pre-supplementary motor area encode key computations for value-based choice","volume":"7","author":"Aquino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000279","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Finding the right fit: A comparison of process assumptions underlying popular drift-diffusion models","volume":"42","author":"Ashby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. 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