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However, their role in invasion has not been directly demonstrated and their biological functions remain unknown. One of the most abundant merozoite surface proteins is\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    MSP2, a likely ancestral protein that has been maintained in the\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineage and is a focus of vaccine development. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we removed\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    MSP2 from two different\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    lines with no impact on parasite replication or phenotype in vitro, demonstrating that it is not essential for RBC invasion. Interestingly, loss of\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    MSP2 led to increased inhibitory potency of antibodies targeting other merozoite proteins involved in invasion, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    AMA1. In a solid-phase model, increasing concentrations of\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    MSP2 protein reduced binding of different antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    AMA1 in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    MSP2 can modulate the susceptibility of merozoites to protective inhibitory antibodies. The results of this study change our understanding of the potential functions of\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    MSP2 and establish a new concept in malaria where a surface protein can reduce the protective efficacy of antibodies targeting a different antigen. These findings have important implications for understanding malaria immunity and informing vaccine development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.107603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T10:30:58Z","timestamp":1751970658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.107603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An abundant merozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum modulates susceptibility to inhibitory antibodies"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5906-0687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabelle G","family":"Henshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028g18b61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide University","place":["Adelaide, 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