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Here, we use the\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    larva to investigate this \u2018form-function\u2019 problem focusing on the mapping of the regional stimuli that trigger an adaptive and evolutionarily conserved behaviour termed self-righting: a postural control system that allows the animal to restore its natural position if turned upside-down. Through the development of new methodologies that allow regionally restricted mechanical stimulation and zonal-specific neuronal optogenetics, we find that multidendritic sensory neuron inhibition in anterior areas (thoracic\/anterior abdominal) has a profound effect on self-righting performance, while inhibition of posterior sensory elements (mid and posterior abdomen) produces no effects. To gain insight into how regional neuronal inhibition affects the different subcomponents of the self-righting sequence we applied a deep neural network tracking method which revealed that reduction of neural activity in anterior sensory neurons primarily increases head casting behaviour and that this, in turn, is strongly correlated with abnormally long self-righting times. Furthermore, to explore the mechanistic bases of our behavioural observations, we considered the hypothesis that the\n                    <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes \u2013 well known for their roles in axial developmental patterning \u2013 might play a role in the functional specification of multidendritic sensory neurons along the body axis. Molecular expression analysis of FACS-sorted neural populations, fluorescent immunolabelling and neuron-specific knockdown experiments demonstrate that normal sensory neuron expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes\n                    <jats:italic>Antennapedia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Abdominal-b<\/jats:italic>\n                    is necessary for self-righting in the\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    larva. Altogether, our work shows that region-specific mechanosensory processes mediated by multidendritic sensory neurons and instructed via\n                    <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene inputs are essential for self-righting, providing a link between regional structural features and an adaptive and widely evolutionarily conserved postural control behaviour.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.108505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:31:06Z","timestamp":1761921066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.108505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Region-specific mechanosensation modulates Drosophila postural control 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