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Using complementary flow-cytometric, single-cell transcriptomic, and genetic approaches, we resolved two major TM populations corresponding to TIMD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cortical and CX3CR1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    medullary\/cortico-medullary macrophages. TIMD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    VCAM1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TMs displayed a prominent efferocytosis and apoptotic-cell-clearance program, whereas TIMD4\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    VCAM1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TMs were enriched for antigen-presentation and interferon-response pathways. Fate mapping revealed unequal progenitor contributions to these populations, and CCR2 deficiency selectively reduced TIMD4\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    VCAM1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TMs, and thymic monocytes, supporting ongoing input from circulating precursors. Exploratory pseudotime analysis further identified a transcriptional continuum from\n                    <jats:italic>Ly6c2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>Ccr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytes toward macrophage states. Using MaFIA fetal thymic organ cultures, AP20187-mediated depletion of\n                    <jats:italic>Csf1r-<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressing myeloid cells reduced CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    thymocyte differentiation and produced a coordinated accumulation of DN3 cells, loss of DN4 cells, and reduction in CD27 expression. These convergent changes identify the DN3-to-DN4 transition as a developmental stage that requires an intact\n                    <jats:italic>Csf1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    -expressing myeloid compartment and establish a functional connection between the thymic myeloid niche and early \u03b1\u03b2 T cell development. Together, our study refines the phenotypic and developmental organization of mouse TMs and reveals a previously underappreciated requirement for myeloid-cell support during progression through the \u03b2-selection checkpoint.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.109219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:30:14Z","timestamp":1782138614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.109219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heterogeneity and ontogeny of mouse thymic macrophages reveal a requirement for Csf1r-expressing myeloid cells during early T cell development"],"prefix":"10.7554","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, 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